Latin American Midterm(2)
Terms
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- People of Spanish blood born in the Americas
- Crillos
-
Mexican priest and revolutionary. Although the revolt he initiated in 1910 against the Spanish rule failed, he is regarded as a national hero in Mexico’s struggle for independence.
- Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
- Cry for independence→Viva Ferdinand VI, Viva la senora de Guadeloupe, Death to the peninsular. The phrase was the battle cry of Miguel Hidalgo as encourage his congregation to revolt against the Spanish rule. It then became the cry of the
- Grito de Dolores
- Wanted liberalism in Spanish government→wants to restore liberal constitution by overthrowing Ferdinand Am VII
- Rafael Riego
- A Crillo general in Argentina and the prime leader of the southern part of South America’s successful struggle for independence from Spain. Continued towards defeating the Spaniards along the way. Helped the cause of Independence in Peru but a
- Jose de San Martin
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: Leader of an indigenous uprising in 1780 against the Spanish conquest against the Inca Empire. The uprising was unsuccessful but he became a mythical figure in the Peruvian struggle for independence and indigenous rights movement.
- Tupac Amaru II
- Was the Northren Latin American revolutionary leader who defeated the Spanish in 1819. Made a famous pledge: “I will never marry again instead I will marry the cause of independence. He was made president of Greater Colombia and he
- Simon Bolivar
- A Spanish general sent in 1815 to put down the revolution in New Granada and Bogota and then went to Venezuela. He is known to be bloody and ruthless. In 1820 he negotiated an armistice with Simon Bolivar.
- Pablo Morillo
-
Ecuadorian general and politician who was active in his country to achieve Independence. He became the first Ecuadorian president and served two terms (1830-1845)
- Juan Jose Flores
- City in SW Peru were Independence and negotiations were made with Bolivar and the Spanish
- Ayacucho
- King of Portugal and first emperor of Brazil
- Pedro I
- Brazilian emperor (1831-1889) who took over the thrown after the abdication of his father. He is best known for the abolition of slavery during his later reign.
- Pedro II
- Power is concentrated in national capital meaning a strong central government
- Centralism
- Was a congress organized by Simon Bolivar in 1826 so that Latin American countries could becoe closwer and develop a unified policy towards Spain. It was held in Panama City from June 22 to July 15
- Congress of Panama
- Is the word that is used to designate a political-military leader at the head of an authoritarian power.
- Caudillo
- A caudillo and Father of the Paraguayan independence who didn’t like outsiders and had a private army of the secret police.
- Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia
-
Paraguay wanted a coastline instead of being landlocked so they declared war on Brazil Uraguay and Argentina. The concequences include lost of land and80-90% of the male population was killed.
- War of the Triple Alliance
- Charisma
- Personalismo
- 3rd caudillo (1860-1871) and he was responsible for the War of the Triple Alliance which ultimately led to his death
- Francisco Solano Lopez
- A famous caudillo in Argentina known for his Conservatism and anti-Utarian views. He was overthrown in 1852 and lived in exile for the rest of his life
-
Juan Manuel de Rosas
- Wrote facundo who was anti-rosas who favored immigrants and education. Liberal who believed in civil discussion
- Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
- War of conquest to kill as many indigenous as they could in order to gain land for industry.
- War of the Desert
- Organized conservative political thoughts such as a strong central government who offer stability will lead to a completely liberal and free government while he spent time in Peru. These thoughts laid the foundation for the Chilean rule and in 1831,
- Diego Portales
- A man from the United States that played an essential role in the development of the steamboat and train transit in Chile and other parts of South America. In 1838, with the help of the Chilean government, he founded the Pacific Steam Navigation Com
- William Wheelwright
- A philosophical system founded by Auguste Comte, concerned with positive facts and phenomena, and excluding speculation up ultimate causes or origins
- Positivism
- refrigerator ships
- frigorifico
- Suffurage for all males. Women were given sufferage in 1947
- Saenz Pena Electoral Law of 1910
- Was the President (1903-1907 and1911-1915) from the Colorado party in Uraguay. During his first term he ended the Civil war between the Colorado and Blanco’s. Afterwards there was mostly civil peace allowing for stability and progression
- Jose Batile y Ordonez
- Author of “Ariel” and anit positivist because positivism in based on materialism shich goes against Latin American culture.
- Jose Enrique Rodo
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Anyone born to a slave after 1871 becomes free. Offers a way out of slavery and slowly fades out the slave population over time→gradual process
- Law of the Free Womb (1871)
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Abolised Slavery completely in Brazil in 1888
- The Golden Law of 1888