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Karl Rahner: 1904 - 1984) German Roman Catholic theologian who argued for the immanence of God, rather than God's transcendence. He was highly influenced by Aquinas' notions of grace and the idea that creation is the way that God communicates.
Gregory VII: Pope: 1073 - 85) One of the most significant architects of change in the history of the papacy. Set out to be a reformer. The Dictatus Papae--bold statement of papal claims to plenitude of power in the Church and supremacy over the secular authorities.
Second Vatican Council: 1962 - 1965) called by john 23, led to extensive renewal and reform in areas such as revelation, liturgy, and church in modern world
Constantine becomes sole emperor: (324) after defeating Emperor Licinius on September 18, 324 at the Battle of Chrysopolis. Constantine the Great (c. 274-337) was the first Roman emperor (306-337) not only to reverse the policies of Christian persecution that many of his predecessors had carried out, but also to promote Christianity financially, legally and theologically. He claimed a Christian identity, and was baptized on his deathbed.
Council of Nicaea: (325) called together by the emperor Constantine to deal with the Arian controversy and secure the unity of the church in the East. The council affirmed that the Son was "of the same substance" (homoousios) as the Father, and thus the Arian view -- of the Son as a created creature of God whose divinity came about through perfect obedience rather than shared substance -- became heresy. created The Nicene Creed,
Sack of Rome by Goths: 410) The Goths, who were converted to Arian Christianity, attacked and plundered Rome. Arianism thrived as the Goths gained more territory.
Bernard of Clairvaux: early 12th cent, 1090 - 1153) famous for his skill as a preacher, He was the abbot of the Cistercian foundation at Clairvaux. The movement fostered a spirituality of simplicity and poverty of life,
Birth of Jesus: (c. 4 BCE) Details recorded in Christian gospels of Luke and Matthew mark event as fulfillment of Jewish Messianic prophecy; celebrated annually by Christians during season of Christmas, a festival with beginnings in Rome by early 4th century
Julian of Norwich: c. 1342 - c. 1416) Proto-universalist, she believed that behind the reality of hell is yet a greater mystery of God's love. Julian's theology was optimistic, speaking of God's love in terms of joy and compassion as opposed to law and duty.
Archbishop Oscar Romero: d. 1980) Martyr in the Roman Catholic Church; spoke on behalf of the victims of human rights violations during El Salvador's civil war;
Great Schism: 1054) the separation of the Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches of Christianity. climatic difference came with the dogmatic disagreement on the issue of the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Son, and the insertion of "and the Son (Filioque)" into the Creed.
Hildegard of Bingen: mid 12th cent 1098 - 1179) A German abbess and mystic, stood out as a composer, author, consultant, and physician.
Karl Barth: 1886 - 1968) German Swiss theologian in the Protestant Neo-Orthodox movement. He's quoted as saying, "Let God be God."
Benedict of Nursia: Early 6th cent, 480 - 547) An Italian monk and saint, credited as the founder of Western Christian monastic communities, which he outlined in detail in his composition entitled the Holy Rule
Society of Jesus: 1540) Jesuits. A monastic order most famous for its counter-Reformation, educational, and missionary activities. began by Ignatius of Loyola(1491-1556) in Spain
Francis Xavier: 1506 - 1552) pioneering Roman Catholic missionary and co-founder of the Society of Jesus.
Second Temple in Jerusalem: (516 BCE - 70 CE) It served as the cultural, religious, and economic center of the city. enlarged by Herod the Great from 20 BC and destroyed by the Romans during a Jewish revolt; all that remains is the Wailing Wall
Fourth Lateran Council: 1215) Called by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), it issued more than 70 decrees aimed at reforming the church. Innocent was continuing the pastoral reform begun by Gregory VII
"Great Revolt" of Jews against Romans: (66 - 73 CE) Culmination of occasional Jewish revolt against direct Roman rule (via series of governors) that began in 6 CE; led to destruction of Jerusalem and Jewish Temple; end of Jewish/Jerusalem-based dominance within Christ Jesus movement
Paul's letters now in NT canon: (c. 50's CE) The earliest written books in the New Testament, Paul's letters were writings addressing the issues that confronted the people or person to whom he was writing.
Marcion: (c. 70 - 150 CE) He asserted that Yahweh was not the same as the Father of Jesus Christ, hence the New Testament was not compatible with the Old Testament because the Jewish God was a god of justice and the law whereas the Christian God was one of mercy and Grace.
Minjung Theology of social justice emerges in South Korea: 1970s) Minjung Theology (1970's) is a form of Korean liberation theology largely focusing on Jesus' identity with and liberatory example for the minjung (literally, "mass people")
First Crusade: 1097) The First Crusade was launched at the council of Clermont in France November 27,1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of reconquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing the Eastern Christians from Islamic rule.
Roman Imperial Occupation of Jerusalem begins: (63 BCE) End of independent Jewish (Hasmonean) rule of Judaea; beginning of Roman control through native Jewish dynasty, Herod the Great starting in 37 BCE and a series of Roman governors starting in 6 CE; socio-political backdrop for Jesus' career and death at hands of Roman imperial rule
Romans destroy Second Temple: (70 CE) The Romans destroyed the Hebrew temple in the beginning of their rule of Judaea after revolt against the Romans had broken out in 66 CE. The Temple was the central feature of Jerusalem and in the lives of the Jews who lived there since sacrifices took place on the alter After the destruction of the Second Temple, emphasis shifted from offerings made in a specific location to study of the Torah and its interpretations by rabbis.
James Cone, Black Theology and Black Power: 1969) interprets the gospel message through the experience of blackness in America. Building upon the liberation theology of Moltmann, Cone finds in the ministry of Jesus a radical call for the liberation of blacks from white oppression by whatever means necessary, including violence.
Irenaeus of Lyons: (c. 135 - c. 200) ). He rejected the Gnostic notion of predestination and instead asserted that all human beings are equal in that they all have free will; emphasized that since humans were created in the image of God, that salvation encompasses the whole person, body, soul and spirit
Montanist ecstatic movement: led by Montanus, Priscilla, and Maximilla,(mid second century) early Christian apocalyptic movement with an emphasis on interaction between the Holy Spirit and its followers, female prophets, rigorous asceticism
Sallie McFague's Metaphorical Theology: 1982) McFague argues that the model of God as Father, Lord, and King that dominates Christian theology justifies a system of domination that grounds and sustains social hierarchies and a hierarchical relationship between humanity and nature.
Council of Constantinople I: 381) solidified the doctrine set forth during the Council of Nicaea (325). Namely, the Council of Constantinople affirmed the divinity of Christ (under attack by Arianism) and also upheld the humanity of Christ by condemning Apollinarianism.
Acts of Thomas: (unknown origin, tradition holds that Thomas reached India c. 52 CE) tradition holds that the Apostle Thomas came to India either by way of sea (southern and eastern traditions) or by land from the north (northern and western traditions) The early 3rd century text called Acts of Thomas a Gnostic version of New Testament apocrypha, portraying Christ as the Heavenly Redeemer, independent of and beyond creation, who can free souls from the darkness of the world.
Sack of Constantinople: 1204) The sack and plundering of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade. Major event in process of schism btw E and W.
Francis of Assisi: 1181 - 1226) As the founder of the Franciscan order, he was "one of the greatest spiritual figures in the whole of Christian history. His mystique of poverty and powerlessness contrasts strikingly with the power and wealth of the Church and yet he did not in any way himself challenge the Church authority," (Hastings). His "Canticle of the Sun" reveals his well-known connection to and love for all of creation.
Destruction of First Temple (aka Solomon's Temple) in Jerusalem: (586 BCE) built by King Solomon, as told in the first book of Kings, was destroyed by the armies of Nebuchadnezzar. Marks beginning of Baylonian exile.
Gregory the Great: Pope: 590 - 604) Born into a senatorial family in Rome, devoted his wealth to the relief of the poor and monastic foundations, and entered one of the monasteries which he had founded. As one of the four Latin Doctors of the Church, Gregory governed Rome, prayed and became a prolific writer
Henry VIII: d. 1547)
Pelagius: c. 350 - 425) Christian monk and ascetic from Britain who emphasized moral conduct and human cooperation in salvation and rejected the doctrines predestination and original sin
Anselm of Canterbury: 1033-1109) "The Father of Scholasticism" was a Benedictine monk who, seeking to defend faith by reasoning, created the first ontological argument to prove the existence of God.
Spanish Catholic monarchs expel Jews and Muslims from Spain: 1492) Under Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, the Jews were expelled from Spain and Granada, the last Iberian Muslim kingdom was conquered and annexed to Castile. Occurring in the same year Columbus discovered America, this act ended the relatively tolerant Christianity of the kingdom in exchange for enforced conversion.
Augustine of Hippo: 354 - 430) Bishop of Hippo, Latin Church Father, a philosopher, and theologian. Augustine is one of the most important figures in the development of Western Christianity; most influential in theologies of grace, free will, original sin, and trinity
Jürgen Moltmann, The Theology of Hope and The Crucified God: 1967, 1972) Jürgen Moltmann's The Theology of Hope (1967) took up the topic of Christian eschatology and the resurrection, while its sequel, The Crucified God (1972) took up Christian theodicy and the crucifixion. Both helped establish Moltmann as a leading Protestant theologian.
Iconoclast Controversy: 726 - 843) A dispute over the use of religious images (icons) in the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries.
Luther's 95 Theses: 1517) written to challenge teachings of the Catholic Church on the practice of selling indulgences, the nature of penance and salvation being attained through works rather than grace. Luther posted these the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany on October 13, 1517.
Constantine at the Battle of Milvian Bridge: (312) Battle that took place between Constantine and Maxentius on October 28, 312. This victory began Constantine on the path of ending the tetrarchy and being sole emperor of Rome, which would eventually become a Christian empire.
Immanuel Kant: 1724 - 1804) Kant believed that religion consisted of recognizing and carrying out our duties as God commands us to do. He posited a human conscience, a belief in freedom, and a Divine Being, though he did not believe that religion had any need for mystical experiences or a personal redeemer. He urged people to "dare to think."
Babylonian Captivity of the Jews: (586 - 537 BCE) deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar during the 6th Century BCE. The Captivity and subsequent return to Israel are pivotal events in the history of the Jews and Judaism
Apparition of Mary, Virgin of Guadalupe, to the indigenous man Juan Diego in Tepeyac, Mexico: 1531) A miraculous vision of the Virgin Mary, the account of which is disputed, where the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception requested the building of a church. The icon became a symbol for Mexican Catholicism and later Mexican Independence.
Friedrich Schleiermacher: 1768 - 1834) Called the "father of liberal Christianity," Schleiermacher famously attempted to reconcile Protestant Orthodoxy with the Enlightenment.
Matteo Ricci: 1552 - 1610) Influential missionary to China-Italian Jesuit-adapted his missionary methods to the culture of late imperial China and was familiar with Confucian thought-
Ludwig Feuerbach: mid 19th cent) German philosopher who, adapting the ideas of Hegel, argued that ³God² was essentially a "culturally shared projection of human imagining." He believed that theology ought to consist of humanity striving for the ideal of "God" and thereby improving the world for human beings.
Mary Daly, The Church and the Second Sex: 1968) A rebuttal of Simone deBueavoir's The Second Sex, The Church and the Second Sex unmasks the latent anti-feminism in Catholic thinking and practice and in doing so represents one of the most important critiques of sexism in the Christian tradition.
Civil Rights Movement inspired theologies: post 1960s - 1970s) are diverse forms of black liberation theology that largely emphasize God's identity as a liberator of the oppressed and Jesus' real presence in black lives, history, and struggles
Council of Ephesus: 431) The third ecumenical council in 431which declared Mary as mother of God (Theotokos) and condemned Pelagius.
Gregory of Nyssa: 331 - c. 395) eastern church father, He was a key architect and interpreter of the Trinitarian settlement canonized by the ecumenical Council of Constantinople
Martin Luther: early-mid 16th (1483-1546) Martin Luther was a German Protestant theologian and key figure in the Reformation of the German Catholic Church. He preached against the sell of indulgences and papal authority and supported justification by faith and the sole authority of scripture. He published his 95 Theses
Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation: 1971) seminal text of the movement known as liberation theology, Dominican priest and Peruvian Gustavo Gutierrez weaves together Marxist thought and Catholic teaching to spell out a theology centered on the church's "preferential option for the poor" in which freedom from systemic sin involves the political liberation of the marginalized and oppressed.
Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins: 1984) First major scholarly synthesis of feminist research on Christian origins. ESF proposes Feminist theological models of hermeneutics, critical method, and historical reconstruction.
Edict of Milan: (313) agreement made between Emperors Licinius and Constantine at Milan to provide religious tolerance for citizens in the Roman Empire. It effectively legalized Christianity in the Empire, and allowed for Churches to seek restitution for previous persecution
European Protestant Reformations: mid sixteenth century) The movement began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. It began with Luther's Ninety-Five Theses criticizing the Church and the Pope. The most controversial points centered on the practice of selling indulgences and the Church's policy on purgatory.
Teresa of Ávila: 1515 - 1582) Spanish mystic and monastic. Reformer of Carmelite orders for both women and men.
John Calvin's Institutes: 1536 first edition; 1559 final edition) seminal work on Protestant systematic theology; covers a broad range of theological topics from the doctrine of the church and the sacraments to justification by faith alone and Christian liberty; and, it vigorously attacks the teachings of those Calvin considered unorthodox, particularly Roman Catholicism
Christopher Columbus reaches the "New World": 1492) Led exploration from Spain that accidently discovered the Americas, allowing for the joint effort of conquest and conversion, and bolstering Spain's authority as a Catholic power.
Composition of the four gospels in the NT canon: (c. 60 - 110 CE)(Many scholars argue that Mark was first, and John was last) Documents written and adapted for ecclesiastical purposes in the first generations after Jesus' death in about 30 CE; detail Jesus' career as a popular/charismatic teacher of Jewish Torah and healer; although each maintains individuality, all describe the life of Jesus in a connected narrative from the preaching of John the Baptist to Jesus' death and resurrection, and identify Jesus as the Jewish Messiah
Thomas Aquinas: 1225 - 1274) Italian Catholic priest in the Dominican Order, and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition,
Constantinople: founded in 330) Constantinople became the second city of the Roman Empire and would after 395AD become the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Bonaventure: 1221 - 1274) Leading medieval theologian, Known also for reconciling diverse traditions in theology and philosophy.
Crucifixion of Jesus: (c. 30 CE) Capital punishment by Roman authority of Jesus of Nazareth, a Jew condemned to death for teachings that threatened both the religious and secular status quo.
Council of Trent: 1545) 19th Council of the Roman Catholic Church, condemned Protestant "heresies", and solidified Catholic doctrines including on salvation and the biblical cannon
Public ministry of Jesus begins: (c. 27 CE) Jesus taught an idiosyncratic interpretation of the Torah, showing leniency in some areas and strictness in others, but none of his ideas were incomprehensible to his fellow Jews. Jesus converted from personal life of seclusion to the social life as prophet and Messiah at the age of 30, baptized by John the Baptist.
Council of Chalcedon: 451) Reaffirms the Christological definitions of Nicaea and Constantinople, declares Christ to be one Person in two unconfused natures, Divine and human
Composition and Canonization of what becomes Hebrew Scripture: (perhaps c. 1000 BCE - c. 500 BCE) The Hebrew Scriptures came to be through a process of editing and redaction of oral traditions and written stories from various sources (Friedman, 217-245), which are now organized into the three parts(TaNaK), the Teachings (Torah), the Prophets (Neviim), and the Writings(Ketuvim).

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Number of cards 71