Government I, Chapt.3 & 21
Terms
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- System of government where the national government and state governments derive all authority from the people
- Federal System
- System of government where the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government. Examples: Canada, Mexico, Russia
- Unitary system
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17 specific powers granted to Congress
- Article 1, section 8 of the U.S. Constitution. These powers include:
- Taxation
- Coinage of money
- Regulation of commerce
- and the authority to provide for a National defense - Enumerated Powers
- The final paragraph of Article 1, section 8, of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers specified in te Constitution; also called the eleastic clause
- Necessary and Proper Clause
- Portion of Article VI of the U.S. Constitution mandating that national law is supreme to (that is, supercedes)all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government.
- Supremecy Clause
- Part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states
- Privileges and immunities clause
- The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating: "The powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to th
- Tenth Amendment
- Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens
- Reserve (or police) powers
- Authority possessed by both state and national governments that may be exercised concurrently as long as that power is not exclusive within the scope of national power or in conflict with national law.
- Concurrent Powers
- Portion of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decress and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.
- Full Faith and credit clause
- The Supreme Court upheld power of the national government and denied the right of state to tax the bank. The court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.
- McCulloch v. Maryland 1819
- Belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement
- Dual Federalism
- The relationship between the national and state governments that began with the New Deal
- Cooperative Federalism
- Grant for which Congress appropriates funds for a specific purpose
- Categorical grant
- Broad grant with few strings attached; given to states by the federal government for specified activites, such as secondary education or health services.
- Block grant
- Texas declared its independance in ____. A republic of Texas. Prior to its independence, Texas was governed as part of Mexico.The 1824 Constitution of Mexico established a federal republic and provided that each state should write its own constitution in
- Texas Constitution of 1836
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A new constitution was necessary when Texas ceased to be an independent republic and joined the United States.
June 1845 — President Anson Jones
- Meeting to discuss annexation
- Drew up new state constitution which was ratified in Octo - Texas Constitution of 1845
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When Texas reentered the union after the Civil War, presidential Reconstruction required certain changes to the state’s charter.
- Acceptance of abolition of slavery
- Also added series of narrowly adopted amendments
* Governor’s term - Texas Constitution of 1866
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Congress ended Reconstruction in 1867
- More requirements were placed on Texas’s readmission
- Texas required to have another constitutional convention with delegates elected by all male citizens over age 21 regardless of color or previous co - Texas Constitution of 1869
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A reaction to E.J. Davis and Reconstruction; 1869 constitution made many Texans angry. 1869 constitution had led to Governor E.J. Davis’s regime
- Power had been centralized in the state government
- Enabling Act
- Education policies in - Reasons of Texas Constitution of 1876
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One of the longest constitutions in the country
Amending process increased length and also created disorganization and confusion
- Plural executive
- Part-time legislature
- Dedicated funds and specific prohibited activities limit abi - Criticism of the 1876 Constitution
- Constitution that incorporates the basic structure of government and allows the legislature to provide the details through statutes
- Liberal Constitution
- Constitution that incorpoates detailed provisions in order to limit the powers of government
- Statutory Constitution
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- Article 1 contains the Texas Bill of Rights.
- Longer than the U.S. Bill of Rights and in some respects more extensive.
- Article 2 establishes a separation of powers.
- Prohibits an individual from holding positions in more than one bra - Texas Constitution of 1876
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Article 17 establishes the process for amending the Texas Constitution, limiting it to only one method.
- Amendments proposed by joint resolution, which must receive a two-thirds vote by each chamber
- Secretary of state must issue a statement - Amendment Process of Texas Constitution
- By 2004, the Texas Constitution had been amendment 432 times in only 128 years.
- Number of Amendments
- Constitutional revision through constitutional amendments that add or delete items
- Peicemeal revision
- Constitutional revision through the adoption of a new constitution.
- Comprehensive revision
- A member of the constitutional convention who opposes any changes in the current constitution.
- Cockroach
- A member of a constituional convention who will not accept less than a total revision of the current constition
- Revisionist
- Succeeded from confederacy
- Texas Constitution of 1861