AS exam terms
Terms
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- Harlem Renaissance
- The flowering of African American artistic creativity during the 1920's centered in the Harlem community of NYC
- JFK
- Promised active leadership to "Get America moving again"
- Alexander Graham Bell
- Invented the telegraph
- Flexible response
- A policy developed by the Kennedy Administration that involved preparing for a variety of military responses to international crisis rather than focusing on the use of nuclear weapons. Increased defense spending in order to boost conventional military forces and create a branch of the army called the Special Forces
- Cold War
- The state of hostility without direct military conflict that developed between the US and the Soviet Union after WWII
- Freedmen's Bureau
- A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the civil war
- Compromise of 1877
- Democrats agree to accept the Republican candidate even though he had lost the popular vote. Included the withdrawal of federal troops from southern states
- McCarthyism
- The attacks often unsubstantiated by Senator Joseph McCarthy and others of those suspected of being Communist in the early 1950's
- Share cropping
- A system in which land owners give land, seed, and tools in return for part of the crops they raise
- Labor movement-AFL
- An alliance of trade and craft unions formed in 1886
- Brown v. Board
- Supreme Court rules separate but equal education for black and white students is unconstitutional
- Harry Truman
- 33rd President who took office after Roosevelt's death. Used "The Buck Stops Here"
- 15th Amendment
- Right to vote
- Truman Doctrine
- A US policy announced by President Harry Truman of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents
- Roosevelt Corollary
- The extension of the Monroe Doctrine announced by TDR under which the US claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations
- Marshall Plan
- The program proposed by secretary of state George Marshal under which the US supplied economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after WWII
- Horizontal integration
- Companies producing similar products merge
- 13th Amendment
- Abolished slavery
- Brinkmanship
- The practice of threatening an enemy with massive military retaliation for any aggression
- Reconstruction
- The period of rebuilding following the civil war during which the confedrate states were readmitted into the union
- Dust Bowl
- Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico were made worthless for farming by drought and dust storms during the 1930's
- Mapp v. Ohio
- Court rules that evidence seized illegally could not be used in state courts
- 14th Amendment
- All people born in the US are citizens, guarantees equal protection under the law
- Nixon
- President who hoped to win against JFK by riding on the coattails of Eisenhower's popularity
- Dynamic conservatism
- Eisenhower's policy- "Conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings."
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- "separate but equal"
- Eisenhower Doctrine
- A US commitment to defend the Middle East against attack by any communist country announced by President Eisenhower
- Thomas Edison
- Invented the light bulb and the world's first research laboratory
- Great Society
- President Johnson's program to reduce poverty and racial injustice and to promote a better quality of life in the US
- Prohibition
- The banning of manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages
- MacArthur
- General in command of Allied forces of the islands during the Japanese invasion
- Tenant farming
- A system in which foreign workers supply their own tools and rent farm land for cash
- Miranda v. Arizona
- Ruled that all suspects must be read their rights before questioning
- Gideon v. Wainwright
- Justices required criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to those who could not afford it.
- Scalawags
- White southerners who joined the republican party
- Carpet Baggers
- Northerners who moved south after the war
- Korematsu v. US
- Gave military officials the power to limit the civil rights of Japanese Americans.
- Automania
- The period when everyone needs cars to get to work and other places, so roads had to be constructed, more job opportunities created for those jobs. But, poor who could not afford cars, couldn't find jobs without a car.
- Civil Rights Act of 1866
- Gave African American citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws or "black codes"
- Vertical integration
- buying out suppliers to control the market
- George Marshall
- Army Chief of Staff. Pushed for formation of WAAC
- Populism
- Late 19th century political movement demanding that people have a greater voice in government and seeking to advance the interests of foreign working laborers.
- Sherman Anti-trust Act
- Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or within other countries
- Social Darwinism
- Economic and social philosophy supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin theory of evolution, natural selection, holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest
- Great Depression
- A period lasting from 1929-1940 in which the US economy was in severe decline and millions of Americans were unemployed
- New Deal
- FDR's program to alleviate the problems of the great depression focusing on relief for the needy, union economic recovery, and financial reform. (The tree R's)