Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture
Terms
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- Gilbert Stuart
- A competent painter from Rhode Island, who produced many portraits of Washington and went to Europe to paint.
- Lucretia Mott
- Quaker, mothered woman's right movement
- William Gilmore Simms
- novelist, most noteworthy literary figure produced by the South before the Civil War
- William H. Prescott
- Published accounts of the conquest of Mexico and Peru.
- Francis Parkman
- eyes were so defective that he wrote in darkness with the aid of a guiding machine
- Oneida Community
- founded in New York in 1848, practiced free love, birth control, and eugenic selection of parents to produce superior offspring
- Maine Law of 1851
- banned the manufacture and sale of liquor in Maine
- Joseph Smith
- founder of Mormon faith
- William H. McGuffey
- he hammered in lessons on morality and patriotism.
- John Greenleaf Whitter
- a fighting poet, also the un-crowned poet laureate of the anti-slavery movement. a less talented writer, he was effective at influencing social action
- Knickerbocker group
- group of authors in New York who established American Literature.
- Walt Whitman
- author of "Leaves of Grass" a collection of poems that were romantic emotional and unconventional.
- Louis Agassiz
- distinguished French-Swiss immigrant, amazing student of biology, extremely smart
- Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
- he taught anatomy at harvard. was a prominent poet, lecturer, essayist, and novelist.
- American Peace Society
- it fought for peace and harmony. formed in 1828.
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- wrote the Scarlet Letter
- Seneca Falls Convention
- rewrote the Declaration of Independence to include women
- Deists
- religion that relied on science rather than the Bible and they denied the divinity of Christ
- Dorthea Dix
- wanted reforms in the treatment of the mentally ill.
- Daguerreotype
- crude photography.
- Hudson River School
- School of art that excelled in painting romantic mirrorings of local landscapes.
- Benjamin Stillman
- pioneer chemist and geologist who taught and wrote brilliantly at Yale College for more than fifty years
- Louisa May Alcott
- she wrote classics like little women to help support her family.
- Herman Melville
- wrote Moby Dick
- George Bancroft
- Secretary of the Navy that helped found the US Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1845.
- Peter Cartwright
- promoted a masculine Christianity. preacher who converted thousands to Christianity
- Brigham Young
- saved the mormon movement form collapse in 1844 when he led the Mormons to Utah to avoid persecution.
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- she was considered radical in that she advocated suffrage for women. Took obey out of marriage vows
- Henry David Thoreau
- transcendentalists who condemned slavery left society to live in a secluded cabin on lake Walden.
- John Trumbull
- Painter who recaptured scenes of the Revolutionary War.
- Matthew Maury
- oceanographer, produced noteworthy writings on ocean winds and currents, they promoted safety, speed, and economy
- Emily Dickinson
- created her own original world through poetry
- James Fenimore Cooper
- the first American novelist to gain world fame
- John J. Audubon
- French naturalist who painted birds in their natural habitats. He illustrated the Birds of America book.
- Charles Grandison Finney
- revivalist preacher
- American Temperance Society
- formed in 1826. Its crusaders persuaded drinkers to stop drinking
- Mary Lyon
- established an outstanding women's school in mass. advocate r for woman's rights by woman's education.
- Susan B. Anthony
- militant lecturer for women's rights, fearlessly exposed herself to rotten garbage and vulgar epithets
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
- Taught modern languages at Harvard, and was one of the most famous poets of America.
- Unitarian faith
- believed that God existed in only one person.stressed essential goodness of humans, salvation through works. appealed mostly to intellectuals.
- Robert Owen
- founded in 1825 a communal society of about a thousand people at New Harmony, Indiana, in order to seek human betterment
- Brook Farm
- two hundred acres committed to the philosophy of transcendentalism
- James Russel Lowell
- succeeded Professor Longfellow at Harvard, ranks as one of Americas best poets
- The Mormons
- members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
- Charles Wilson Peale
- man from Maryland, painted some 60 portraits of Washington
- The Second Great Awakening
- one of the biggest religious events in American history. made many new converts and sects.
- Edgar Allan Poe
- wrote many horrific short stories. had a morbid sensibility
- Noah Webster
- made textbooks better
- Horace Mann
- wanted a better schooling system campaigned for it
- Transcendentalism
- reality are to be discovered by the study of the processes of thought
- William Cullen Bryant
- Puritan author wrote "thanatopsis" one of the first high quality poems produced in America.
- Sylvester Graham
- diets proved popular, including the whole wheat bread and crackers
- Lyceum lecture association
- traveling lectures helped carry learning to the masses
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- transcendentalist poet and philosopher; urged American writers to forget European traditions and write about American interests
- Asa Gray
- Professor at Harvard College (1810-1888), published over 350 books, monographs, and papers.
- Washington Irving
- first American to win international recognition as a literary figure wrote "Rip Van Winkle' and "Sleepy Hollow"
- Emma Willard
- Woman's schools at the secondary level came in the 1820s