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Chpt. 6 & 7 Unit Test

I miss Mr. H. This study sheet is all ****ed up. The one he gave us not mine.

Terms

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14th Amendment
Introduced by Radical Republicans. This amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and declared that no state could deprive and person of life, liberty, or property. It also declared that no state could deny and person equal protection of the laws.
13th Amendment
Banned slavery in the US.
54th Regiment Massachusetts
The first American regiment which became one of the most famous regiments in the war. The regiment fought valiantly at Fort Wagner near Charleston Harbor in July 1863 losing nearly half of its soldiers in the battle.
John Brown
A fervent abolitionist who opposed slavery not with words but with a gun. Brown who had inflamed the violence in the Kansas conflict. After pro-slavery forces sacked the town of Lawrence, Brown took revenge by abducting and murdering five pro-slavery settlers. In 1859 Brown developed a plan to cause rebellion against slaveholders. He planned on obtaining weapons from a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. Brown attacked with about 18 followers. US Marines captured him less than 36 hours into his attack.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
In 1851 Harriet Stowe began writing Uncle Tom's Cabin. After first running as a newspaper serial, the story came out the next year in book form and sold 300,000 copies.
Gettysburg Address
In November 1863 Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate part of the battlefield as a cemetary. This speech became one of the best known orations in American history. In it Lincoln reminded his listeners that the nation was "conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal"
Dred Scott
A Missouri slave who had been taken north to work in free territory for several years. After he returned with his slaveholder to MIssouri, Scott sued to end his slavery arguing that living in free territory made him a free man. Supreme court ruled against Scott. Stating that he was not a U.S. citizen and that gave him no right to sue in federal court. And said that the 5th amendment protected slaveholders from being deprived of their property.
Fort Sumter
In Charleston Harbor was one of few federal military bases that Southerners had not seized. Lincoln planned on sending supplies there. President Jefferson Davis (Confederate President) commanded surrender of Fort Sumter before supply ship arrived, but Army Major Robert Anderson stood fast. Confederate forces then bombarded Fort Sumter for 33 hours until Anderson and his men gave up. No one died, but the Civil War had begun.
Reconstruction
Rebuilding the nation after war. Among other things they had to decide under what terms and conditions the former confederate states would be permitted to rejoin the Union.
Compromise of 1850
First pair of solutions in compromise would allow California to come in as a free state but would recognize the rest of the Mexican cession without any restrictions on slavery. The second pair would settle a boundary dispute between New Mexico and Texas in favor of New Mexico , but would compensate Texas by having the federal government take on its debts. 3rd pair of resolutions would outlaw slave trade in the District of Columbia but not slavery itself. The final two resolutions were concessions to the South. Congress would be prohibited from interfering in slave trade and would pass a stronger law to help Southerners recover enslaved African Americans who had fled north. These measures were to assure the South that the North would not try to abolish slavery after California joined the Union.
Know-Nothing party
Seriously not sure about this one except they were anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic and their major leader was Millard Fillmore. Hoped to prolong naturalization process weakening immigrant influence. The party ended up splitting in two over the Kansas-Nebraska Act and then eventually died out seeing as slavery was a more important issue.
Fugitive Slave Act
Came from the Compromise of 1850 under this law, a slaveholder or slave catcher had only to point out alleged runaways to have them taken into custody. Accused would be brought before a federal commissioner. With no right to testify on their own behalf.
Ku Klux Klan
A secret society that undermined Republican rule. Started in 1866 by former Confederate soldiers in Pulaski, Tennessee, the Klan spread rapidly throughout the south. Hooded white robed klan members rode in bands at night terrorizing blacks, white republicans, carpetbaggers. There were organized militias made to figt back.
Andrew Johnson
Loyal to the Union. Issued Proclaimation of Amnesty to strengthen the one Licoln previously issued. Offered to pardon all former citizens of the Confederacy who prmised to be loyal to the Union and the return of thier property. He required Southern states to ratify 13th Ammend. abolishing slavery.
Popular Sovereignty
Senator Lewis Cass suggested that citizens of each new territory should be allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted to permit slavery or not. Popular Sovereignty appealed strongly to many members of Congress because it removed slavery issues from national politics. It also appeared democratic, since the settlers themselves would make the decision.
Fredrick Douglass
Born into slavery. He escaped from slavery and eventually became renowned for eloquent lectures and writings for the causes of abolition and liberty.
Black Codes (*****)
New Southern state legislatures passed these laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South. All intended to keep blacks in a condition similar to slavery. Generally required blacks to enter into annual labor contracts.
Harriet Tubman
Was the most famous conductor. Harriet was a runaway slave who risked her freedom over and over by venturing into slave states to bring out men, women, and children.
Underground Railroad
Was a key to many African American's escape from the South. This informal but well organized network of abolitionists began to expand in the early 1830's and helped thousands of enslaved persons flee north. Conductors transported the slaves and led them to North America or Canada.
Wade-Davis Bill
Compromise between the moderates and the radicals. This bill required the majority of the adult white men in former Confederate state to take an oath of allegiance to the Union. The state could then hold a constitutional convention to create a new state government. Each states convention would then have to abolish slavery reject all debts the state had acquired as part of the Confederacy.
MIssouri Compromise
Senate combined Missouri's request to become a slave state and entered Maine as a free state. The Senate added an amendment to prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of MIssouri's southern boundary. The Missouri Compromise temporarily settled the dispute over the westward expansion of slavery.
Ulysses Grant
A mediocre West Point cadet, failed business person and undistinguished army officer. Grant changed strategy and outcome of the Civil War due to his tireless offensive fighting. Many people complained about him and called him a butcher, but Lincoln had full trust in him. Grant caused Lee to surrender at Appomattox, Virginia.
Emancipation Proclamation
On September 22, 1862 encouraged by the Union victory at Antietam, Lincoln publicly announced that he would issue the Emancipation Proclamation- a decree freeing all enslaved persons in the states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863. Since the Proclamation freed enslaved African Americans only in states at war with the Union it did not address slavery in the border states. The proclamation transformed the conflict over preserving the Union into a war of liberation.
Radical Republicans
Radicals did not want to reconcile with the South. They basically wanted to get revenge. They had 3 main goals one was to prevent leaders of the Confederacy from returning to power. Second they wanted the Republican part to become a powerful institution in the South, and third they wanted federal government to help blacks achieve political equality by guaranteeing them the right to vote.
MIlitary Reconstruction Act
Essentially nullified Johnson's programs. Act divided former Confederacy except for Tennessee- which had ratified the 14th amendment in 1866 into 5 military districts. A union general was placed in charge of each district with orders to maintain peace and protect the rights of persons and property.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Proposed to repeal antislavery provision of the MIssouri Compromise. Also proposed dividing the region into two territories. Nebraska would be northernmost and Kansas southern.
Jefferson Davis
Really don't care about this guy didn't spend time looking up information. I know he was President of the Confederacy, but couldn't excercise much power because the government was based too much on federal power?
Compromise of 1877
Historians are not sure what the exact terms of this compromise were but it included the following conditions Southern Democrats agreed to give the election to Hayes and in return, Republicans promised that a southerner would become postmaster general. This was an important position because of the many federal jobs it controlled. Republicans also promised funds for internal improvements in the south. Most importantly agreed to withdraw remaining federal troops from south.
Antietam
While General Lee (confederate) was trying to invade Maryland to gain recognition from North as an independent country, and help peace democrats gain control of congress. General Lee (confederate) had his troops congregate near Sharpsburg, Maryland. While General McClellans (union) took position along Antietam Creek. McClellan ordered his troops to attack. This battle was the bloodiest one day battle in American HIstory. In the end over 6,000 men were killed and another 16,000 were wounded. McClellan didn't break Lee's lines but he caused so many casualties that Lee retreated to Virginia. This defeat over South caused British government not to join the war and wait and see how the war progressed. This win also convinced Lincoln that the time had come to end slavery in the South.
Freedmen's Bureau
Bureau was given the task of feeding and clothing war refugees in the South using surplus arm supplies. The Bureau issued nearly 30,000 rations a day for a year. The Bureau also helped formerly enslaved people find work on plantations. It negotiated labor contracts with planters, specifying pay and hours of work. Also worked to educate blacks.

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