Muratori History Final Study Cards
Terms
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- What is laissez faire?
- Allowance by the government to let businesses operate with little or no interferance - the legalization of "free commerce/trade".
- Who was Adam Smith?
- An admirer of the physiocrats, and an advocate of laissez faire.
- What are one's "natural rights", according to John Locke?
- Life; Liberty; Property.
- Name the six philosophes.
- (1) Hobbes, (2) Locke, (3) Montesquieu, (4) Voltaire, (5) Diderot, (6) Rousseau
- Name an enlightened despot and where they came from.
- Frederick the Great (Prussia); Catherine the Great (Russia); Joseph II (Austria)
- Who was Andreas Vesalius?
- The "father of anatomy" - he dissected corpses (sometimes illegally obtained) to point out errors in the logic of Galen.
- The title of Nicolaus Copernicus' most famous book.
- "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres."
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(France) Name the estate:
(1) Peasant;
(2) Merchant;
(3) Nobles;
(4) Monarchy;
(5) Upper Clergy;
(6) Lower Clergy. -
(1) Third;
(2) Third;
(3) Second;
(4) Second;
(5) First;
(6) First. - (France) Who killed the radical journalist Jean Paul Marat?
- Charlotte Corday.
- (France) When the king and queen were forced to come to Paris so the revolutionaies could watch them more closely, they were brought where?
- The Tuileries.
- (France) Term for the "middle class".
- Bourgeoise.
- (France) Citizens of Paris attacked it in search of gunpowder.
- The Bastille.
- (Napoleon) Where was Napoleon born? What was his native tongue?
- Corsica; Italian.
- (Napoleon) Who was Napoleon's wife?
- Josephine (de Beauharnais).
- (Napoleon) In 1799, The First Consul was overthrown and General Napoleon was installed as the new leader of France. What is the French word for this "seizure of power"?
- Coup d'etat.
- (Napoleon) At it's longest, Napoleon's empire stretched for ____ miles. At it's largest, he ruled over ____ million people.
- 1500 miles; 70 million people.
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(France) List the dates:
(1) Tennis Court Oath;
(2) Storming of the Bastille;
(3) March on Versailles. -
(1) June 20, 1789;
(2) July 14, 1789;
(3) October, 1789. - (France) Who was Olympe de Gouges, and what did she write?
- A playwright and French suffregette, she wrote "Declaration of the Rights of Women."
- (France) Who was Robespierre?
- A revolutionary Jacobin leader who sought to control France with an iron fist; he began the Reign of Terror, beheading "enemies of the public" with little or no legal justification.
- (Latin America) Toussaint L'ouverture helped liberate which country?
- Haiti. (Previously Hispaniolia.)
- (Latin America) Who was Simon Bolivar? What countries did he help liberate?
- Simon Bolivar was an educate creole. He helped liberate Venezuela, Columbia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.
- (Latin America) What race was Dom Pedro? Where did he rule?
- Portugese; Brazil.
- (Latin America) Where did Father Miguel Hidalgo give his "Grito", his speech preaching revolutions against Spain?
- Dolores, Mexico.
- (Latin America) Who was Father Jose Morelos?
- A priest who led armed forces in the effort to liberate Mexico.
- (Latin America) What countries did Jose de San Martin help liberate? What famous general did he fight against?
- Argentina, Peru, Chile; Napoleon Bonaparte.
- (Agricultural Revolution) What were enclosures, and what did they allow for?
- "Enclosures" were large farm field enclosed by fences, privatized land that, along with the concept of crop rotation, paved the way to allow for agricultural experimentation.
- (Industrial Revolution) Why was England [Britain] the country where the Industrial REvolution technically began?
- Land, labor, and capitol -- good natural resources in abundance (coal and iron for materials, river for power, and harbors for imports and exports); an expanding economy; practiced mercantilism; lots of workers.
- (Industrial Revolution) Who built the first steamboat? What was it called?
- Robert Fulton; "The Clermont".
- (Industrial Revolution) Give a benefit versus a non-benefit of working in an Industrial Age factory.
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(+) Creates jobs; encourages technological progress; education expands; cheaper clothing and other items; diet and housing improve.
(-) Long hours; dangerous working conditions; widespread illness; short average lifespan (sometimes as low as 17 years); lack of sanitary codes; factory owners live luxuriously while working class suffers. - (Latin America) What two countries chiefly colonized Latin America?
- Portugal and Spain.
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"Apotheosis of Homer" by Ingres (1827). What is the theme? - Neoclassical.
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"Liberty Leading the People", Romantic. (1830) Who was the artist? - De Las Crox.
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"March of the Weavers", by Kollwitz, Realism. (1897) What is the giveaway that this piece is "realistic"? - Dark, dreary feeling -- realistic art style -- inability to see the subject's faces clearly.
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What is this picture called? Who is the artist? - "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" by Joseph Turner.
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"Women Ironing", Realism. (1834) Who is the artist? - Degas.
- (Africa) Who was Cecil Rhodes?
- An English prime minister who wanted the entire continent of Africa to be under British rule.
- (Africa) Which canal was completed in 1869?
- The Suez Canal.
- (Africa) Which country had no colonies in Africa by 1914?
- The Netherlands.
- (Africa) It was in which war that the Chinese lost Hong Kong to Britain?
- The Opium War.