Pharm - First Packet
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Phenytoin
-
- partial, tonic-clonic, status epilepticus
- >5y/o
- preferred for psychomotor w/ tonic-clonic - Phenobarbitol
-
- tonic-clonic, cortical focal, status epilepticus
- <5y/o - Carbamazepine
-
- partial, tonic-clonic
- preferred over phenytoin for girls and children - Gabapentin
-
- partial
- GABA analogue - Lamotrigine
- - partial, tonic-clonic
- Exhosuximide
-
- preferred for absence
- blocks T-type Ca channels - Valproate
-
- absence, tonic-clonic, cortical focal
- short t1/2 - Diazepam & Lorazepam
-
- status epilepticus
- given IV - Vigabatrin
- - inhibits GABA transaminase
- Thiopental
- - ultra-short acting
- Morphine
-
- mu receptor
- for suffering, not perception
- dull pain better than sharp
- IV better than oral - Codeine
-
- methylmorphine
- mu receptor, lower affinity than morphine
- oral/IV ratio is high
- antitussive - Heroin
-
- morphine with acetyl groups instead of hydroxyl groups
- more lipophilic, enters CNS -> rush - Oxycodone
-
- oral/IV ratio is high
- given in combo with aspirin or tylenol - Methadone
-
- mu receptor
- given orally, has slow onset & long duration
- for addiction (heroin) and chronic pain - Meperidine
-
- mu receptor
- used in labor
- fast onset, short duration
- never give with an MAOI - Fentanyl
-
- mu receptor
- for general anesthesia & post-op pain
- rapid & brief action - Pentazocine
-
- kappa receptor
- partial agonist at mu receptor
- less respiratory despression than morphine - Buprenorphine
-
- high affinity for mu receptor, but acts as a partial agonist
- antagonist at kappa receptor
- never produces a high
- used for detox (heroin) - Naloxone
-
- competitive inhibitor of mu and kappa receptors
- given IV, rapid effect
- for diagnosis & treatment of overdose - Naltrexone
-
- competitive inhibitor of mu and kappa receptors
- given orally, longer lasting than Naloxone
- treatment for opioid addiciton - Dextromethorphan
-
- structurally related to codeine
- produces no analgesic effect
- produces antitussive effect
- suggests that codeine also acts on non-opioid receptors - Levodopa
-
- converted to DA by AAAD
- absorbed in the proximal small intestine via LNAA
- LNAA is saturable, L-dopa must compete with dietary amino acids
- AAAD and COMT are high in the periphery - Carbidopa
-
- given with L-dopa as Sinemet
- inhibits AAAD, but does not cross the BBB - Bromocriptine
-
- DA agonist, D2 & D3
- ergot derivative - Pramipexole
-
- DA agonist, D2 & D3
- non-ergot derivative - Amantadine
-
- causes DA release
- blocks NMDA receptors
- anticholinergic-like effects
- often the first treatment for PD - Selegiline
-
- selective MAOB inhibitor
- worsens L-dopa induced dyskinesias - Entacopone
-
- reversible COMT inhibitor
- only acts peripherally
- used for wearing-off effects, not as initial therapy - Tolcapone
-
- reversible COMT inhibitor
- acts peripherally & centrally
- rarely used because of hepatotoxicity - Antithymocytic Ig
-
- polyclonal Abs against T cell Ags
- lysis and phagocytosis of T cells
- used for induction/rescue therapy, GVHD, aplastic anemia
- may cause malignancies - OKT3
-
- mouse monoclonal Ab against CD3 on T cells
- may cause flu-like symptoms or malignancies
- used for acute rejection - Basiliximab
-
- chimeric monoclonal Ab against CD25 (IL2R alpha-chain)
- specific for T cells activated by IL2
- used for acute rejection - Daclizumab
-
- humanized monoclonal Ab against CD25 Tal subunit
- used for acute rejection - Cyclosporin
-
- inhibits calcineurin, blocks IL2 production (and others)
- used for graft rejection, GVHD & autoimmune diseases
- commonly causes nephrotoxicity
- can cause hirsutism & gingival hyperplasia - Tacrolimus
-
- binds FKBPs to inhibit calcineurin
- macrolide lactone
- used for prophylaxis for liver transplant
- does not cause hirsutism or gingival hyperplasia - Mycophenolate mofetil
-
- blocks guanosine synthesis which stops T & B cell proliferation
- noncompetitive, reversible
- prophylaxis for renal transplant
- may cause malignancies - Azathioprine
-
- inhibits guanosine synthesis which stops T & B cell proliferation
- nonspecific, competitive inhibitor - Sirolimus
-
- mTOR inhibitor, blocks T cell proliferation by stopping G1 to S transition
- macrolide lactone
- prophylaxis for renal transplant - Corticosteroids (prednisone)
- - blocks IL1 release from macrophages to stop lymphocyte proliferation