AUBiochem

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Is catabolism an exergonic or endergonic process?: Exergonic
What is the product of glycogenolysis?: glucose-1-phosphate
What is formed by the direct phosphorylation of glucose by ATP?: glucose-6-phosphate
Where does glycolysis occur?: in the cytoplasm
Which of the following cannot enter the glycolysis pathway? glucose, fructose, galactose, or glycogen: glycogen
Which coenzyme is use in most ox-red reactions of carbohydrate catabolism?: NAD+/NADH
What is the product of the endergonic stage of glycolysis?: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
How many net ATP come out of glycolysis per glucose molecule?: 2 ATP net
What is the final product of glycolysis?: pyruvate
What coenzyme must be reoxidized so that glycolysis can continue to produce energy?: NADH
To what does pyruvate convert under anaerobic conditions?: lactate
Under anaerobic conditions in a muscle cell, pyruvate is converted to which of the following: ethanol, CO2 and H2O, acetyl-CoA: none of the above
In the 1st stage of glycolysis, is the production of triose phosphates an exothermic or endothermic sequence of reactions?: endothermic
Where do oxidative (aerobic) reactions of metabolism occur?: in the mitochondria
What is the direct precursor for the citric acid cycle?: acetyl-CoA
Are glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetonephosphate trioses, functional isomers, or monosacharides?: They are all three.
What are the (4) products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?: - CO2
- 3 NADH
- 1 FADH2
- 1 GTP
Is gluconeogenesis the production of glucose from carbohydrate or non-carbohydrate sources?: non-carbohydrate
What is another name for the respiratory chain?: the electron transport system (ETS)
True of false? The electron transport system is found dispersed in the mitochondrial matrix?: False
What metal ions, present in the cytochromes of the ETS, aid in the passage of electrons down the chain?: Fe 2+ and Fe 3+
What is the final acceptor of electrons (H atoms) during respiration?: O2
What is the formation of ATP in the ETS called?: oxidative phosphorylation
True or false? It is possible to oxidize the hydrogen atoms of acetySCoA w/o having oxidative phosphorylation occur?: True
True or false? Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport are coupled in the ETS.: True
True or false? Glycogenolysis directly leads to the formation of glucose-6-phosphate which undergoes glycolysis.: False
Which of the following is a product of the pentose phosphate pathway (shunt)? NADH, NADPH, FADH2, FPH2: NADPH
Which of the following is a product of the pentose phosphate pathway (shunt)? - ribose-5-phosphate - fructose-1,6-diphosphate - galactose-1-phosphate - phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP): ribose-5-phosphate
True or false? NADPH is the coenzyme used in anabolic reactions (syntheses).: True
True or false? The protein complex which is responsible for respiration is dispersed in the mitochondrial matrix.: False. The protein complex is dispersed in the mitochondrial membrane.
True or false? Before fats and oils can be metabolized, fatty acids must be released from triglycerides with the aid of a triacylglyceride lipase.: True
True of false? The anabolism of fatty acids is called beta-oxidation.: False. Beta-oxidation is the catabolism of fatty acids.
What is the activator/carrier molecule used in fatty acid catabolism?: coenzyme-A, CoASH
How many molecules of acetyl-CoA do you get from the complete beta-oxidation of a 12-carbon fatty acid?: 6 molecules of acetyl-CoA
Where does beta-oxidation occur?: In the mitochondrial matrix
True of false? Fatty acid synthesis is the complete reverse of beta-oxidation.: False
What protein transports fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix?: carnitine
True of false? The synthesis of a 12-carbon fatty acid is achieved by the sequential condensation of 6 acetyl-CoA molecules.: False.

malonyl??
Which coenzyme is the reducing agent used in fatty acid biosynthesis?: NADPH
True of false? The key intermediate in fatty acid synthesis is the free 3-carbon diacid malonate.: False
True or false? Ketone bodies are formed when the concentration of acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm is very high.: False
True or false? In the cytoplasm, acetyl-CoA is used in the synthesis of non-saponifiable lipids.: True
What is the activator/carrier molecule used in fatty acid oxidations?: CoASH
Which of the following is a ketone body? - acetyl-CoA - acetone - malonate - malonyl-CoA: Acetone is a ketone body.
What is the most important function of amino acids?: Synthesis of proteins
What are the two key amino acids in the catabolism of the amino group of amino acids?: glutamate and aspartate
What is the direct result of oxidative deamination of amino acids?: ammonium ion
What is the direct "fuel" for the urea cycle?: carbamoyl phosphate
What is the term for the production of glutamate from alpha-ketoglutarate?: transamination
True or false? Oxaloacetate is the molecule which reacts with carbamoyl phosphate at the start of the urea cycle.: False
What is the second amino group of urea derived from?: aspartate
True of false? Glycogenolysis is the cleavage of glucose-1-phosphate from the ends of glycogen molecules.: False
Which of the following can enter the glycolysis pathway? - glucose - fructose - galactose: All of the above
What is the product of the 1st stage of glycolysis?: glyceraldehyde-3-phospate
Under aerobic conditions in the body, pyruvate is converted to what?: acetyl-CoA
True of false? The production of triose phosphates in the 1st stage of glycolysis is an endothermic sequence of reactions.: True
How many molecules of CO2 are produced in one Kreb's cycle?: 2 molecules of CO2
What is the net yield of ATP from the complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose?: 36 net ATP
The majority of the ATP produced during the catabolism of glucose is formed during which process? - oxidative phosphorylation - glycolysis - Kreb's cycle - glycogenolysis: oxidative phosphorylation
What percentage of the energy available from glucose catabolism is trapped in the formation of ATP?: 40%
True of false? Before fats and oils can be metabolized, fatty acids must be released from triglycerides.: True
What is the catabolism of fatty acids called?: beta-oxidation
True or false? Acetyl-CoA is used in the synthesis of steroids in the cytoplasm.: True
What is the activator/carrier molecule used in fatty acid biosynthesis?: ACP
True or false? Carbamoyl phosphate is produced by the reaction of CO2, ammonium ion, and ATP.: True
What is an anaplerotic reaction?: A reaction that replenishes a substrate needed for a biochemical pathway.
What is an amphibolic pathway?: A pathway that is both anabolic and catabolic

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Number of cards 67