Mendel and Meiosis
Terms
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- heredity
- passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring
- trait
- characteristic that is inherited, dominant or recessive
- genetics
- branch of biology that studies heredity
- gamete
- male or female sex cell, egg or sperm
- fertilization
- fusion of male and female gametes
- zygote
- diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
- pollination
- when pollen passes from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually w/in the same species
- hybrid
- offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait
- allele
-
alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
half of a gene - dominant
- observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait
- recessive
- not dominant
- law of segregation
- because each plant has two different alleles it can produce two different types of gametes
- phenotype
- physical appearance
- genotype
- combo of genes in an organism
- homozygous
- The alleles present for a trait are the same
- haploid
- a cell that contains one member of each chromosome pair
- meiosis
- the type of cell division that produces gametes
- crossing over
- exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
- dihybrid
- a cross involving 2 differents traits
- independent assortment
- the way in which a chromosome pair separates does not affect the way other pairs separate