Reproduction
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Chromosome and gene which determines sex
-
Y chromosome.
srY gene - Definition of phenotypic sex
- Distinguishing characteristics of males and females.
- Name of structure formed after union of sperm and egg
- zycote
- Name of ducts initially present, one of which will be developed into males or females
-
Wolffian ducts - male
Mullerian ducts - female - Presence of these two hormones necessary for development of Woffian ducts into male reproduction tract.
-
testosterone
MIS (Mullerian-inhibiting substance) - Panpiniform plexus?
- Veins from testis wrap around artery to testis => cooled blood to testis.
- Vas deferens?
- Sperm duct
-
Epididymis
- Function of head and body?
- Function of tail? -
Head and body - maturation of sperm
Tail - limited storage of sperm - Another name for sperm and eggs.
- gametes
- What are the the intitial cells from which sperm are formed?
- T-cells
- During meiosis, what type of sperm cells are formed? Give name and levels.
-
primary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes - What type of tissue covers the tunical albuginea?
- simple cuboidal epithelium - germinal epithelium.
- What is the function of the ovaries?
-
Germ cell production.
Estrogen and progesterone production. - What is the composition of semen?
- Sperm, seminal fluid, prostate fluid, lymphocytes.
- List the (4) organs of the female.
-
Ovaries
Ovaducts
Uterus
Cervix - List the functions and characteristics of the ovaducts.
-
Transporation duct for an egg
Site of initial fertilization.
Site for early embryonic development
Lined with cilliated epithelium. - What is the name of the lining of the uterus?
- endometrium
- What is the name of the fibrous capsule surrounding the ovary?
- tunica albuginea
- What is housed within the cortex of the ovary?
- Developing gametes.
- What are female gametes called?
- oocytes
- What is the sac-like structure in which ooyctes mature?
- follicles
- What is the corpus luteum and its function?
-
Its what remains of a follicle after ovulation.
It becomes an endocrine gland and secretes estrogen and progesterone. - What is the genetic sex determination for females and males in terms of X and Y chromosomes?
-
XX - female
XY - male - List the steps in the process of spermatogenesis.
- Stem Cell => mitosis (spermatogonia formed) => meiosis (primary -> secondary spermatocytes) => spermatid (haplid via metamorphous) => sperm
- During mitosis, what type of sperm cells are formed?
- spermatogonia
- Name of sperm cells that have become haploids via metamorphous
- spermatid
- What cells make testosterone in the male?
- Leydig cells
- What is the hormonal action required to stimulate Leydig cells => testosterone?
-
GnRH (Hypthalamus) =>
LH and FSH (anterior pituitary)
Stimulation of Leydig cells by LH - What is the function of the acrosome? What is it located?
- It contains digestive enzymes which allow the sperm to penetrate an egg. It is located on the front of the head of the sperm.
- Name of the glycoprotein coat around the oocyte
- zona pellucida
- Stages of oogenesis and names of "cells" involved
-
PREBIRTH:
oogonia - stem cell
Mitosis - Primary oocyte
ADOLESCENCE - MENOPAUSE:
Meiosis I - Secondary oocyte plus first polar body
Meiosis II - Zygot plus second polar body (if secondary oocyte fertilized) - These bodies are located around the inner boundary of the secondary oocyte. Name and function of these?
-
Coritcal granules.
Release enzymes which destroy the sperm receptors on the zona pellucida and harden the zona pellucita. - Steps in fertilization
-
1. sperm-zp binding
2. acrosome reaction
3. zona penetration
4. sperm/oocyte binding
5. oocyte activation
6. zona reaction - Name of the organelles that surround the inner surface of the secondary oocyte?
- cortical granules