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Personality Ch 5 vocabulary

Terms

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natural selection
the process by which certain adaptive characteristics emerge over generations
evolutionary personality theory
an area of study applying biological evolutionary theory to human personality
behavioral genomics
study of how genes affect behavior
temperament
stable individual differences in emotional reactivity
electrodermal measures
measures that monitor the electrical activity of the skin with electrodes
sensation seeking
tendency to seek out highly stimulating activities and novelty
neurotransmitter
a chemical used by nerves to communicate
prozac
a drug that blocks reabsorption of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain and thus elevates moods and alters emotional reaction patterns
hemispheric activity
level of activity within one cerebral hemisphere
eugenics
movement begun by Francis Galton that encouraged preserving or purifying the gene pool of the elite in order to improve human blood lines
nonshared environmental variance
features of the environment that children raised in the same home experience differently
schizophrenia
a condition whose symptoms include distorted reality, odd emotional reactions and sometimes paranoia and/or delusions
Manic Depression
a disorder in which an individual swings regularly between bouts of wildly enthusiastic energy and bouts of hopeless depression
kin selection
the idea that increasing the likelihood for the family members of an individual to survive increases the likelihood that the individual's genes will be carried on to the next generation even if the individual did not reproduce him or herself
bisexuality
sexual attraction to both men and women
meniere's disease
an inner ear disorder that can produce disabling dizziness nausea and auditory disturbances
Alzheimer's disease
a disease of the brain's cerebral cortex, primarily affecting elderly people, that causes altered behavior and memory loss
biological determinism
the belief that an individual's personality is completely determined by biological factors (and especially by genetic factors)
psychopharmacology
the study of the role of drugs and other toxic substances in causing and treating psychiatric disturbance
tropism
the tendency to seek out specific types of environments
somatotypology
W.H.Sheldon's theory relationg body type to personality characteristics
mesomorph
according to W.H. Sheldon, a somatotype describing muscular large boned athletic types of people
ectomorph
according to W.H. Sheldon a somatotype describing slender bookworm types of people
endomorph
according to W.H. Sheldon a somatotype describing orverweight good natured types of people
sociobiology
the study of the influence of evolutionary biology on individual responses regarding social matters
attachment
the close bodn that forms shortly after birth between an infant and the mother
survival of the fittest
the concept that species evolve because those individuals who cannot compete well in the environment in which they live tend to be less successsful in growing up and producing offspring
social darwinism
the idea that societies and cultures naturally compete for survival of the fittest
human genome project
an effort to identify each of the thousands of genes in our chromosomes

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