Ears and Auditory System
Terms
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- a cone of light seen on the tympanic membrane indicates a normal finding. what should be seen in the right ear, and what should be seen in the left ear?
- 5 o'clock position in the right ear and 7 o'clock in the left ear
- approximately what percent of adults over 85 have documented hearing loss?
- 50%
- bloody discharge
- let it drip onto cotton pillowcase; if blood goes to middle, then it's okay but if blood goes to outside then it's CSF
- cerumen
- ear wax -- when it becomes dry it obstructs the ear canal
- clear discharge
- let it drip onto a FSBS strip, if sugar is present then it's CSF
- Darwinian tubercle
- nodule in auricle (tip of ear)
- external functions
- -protective -helps gather/channel sound
- external structures
- -auricle -external auditory canal
- inner ear functions
- -cochlea transmits sound to eighth CN -semicircular canals involved in vestibular function
- inner ear structures
- -vestibule -semicircular canals -cochlea
- Meniere's disease
- problems with balance, vertigo - due to pressure -- can't really diagnose it without an autopsy
- middle ear functions
- -ossicles transmit sound from tympanic membrane to inner ear
- Middle Ear Structures
- -ossicles - malleolus, incus, stapes -tympanic membrane -tympanic membrane separates middle from external ear
- Normal ear position and alignment
- see diagram in notes (p 5); if it's lower or angle is greater, then that is an implication of mild retardation
- ototoxic
- destroys hearing
- Rinne Test
- placed on mastoid bone first for bone conduction; then places in front of ear for air conduction; should hear it two times longer in front of ear than when on bone
- the greatest physical variatio of ears b/t individuals of different races is:
- consistency and color of cerumen
- Tophia
- symptom of GOUT -- type of arthritis
- weber test
- normal = no lateralization, heard equally in both ears
- what should be the primary focus of a history and examination of the auditory system for an adolescent?
- exposure to loud noises, including loud music
- what statement made by a parent should cause the nurse to suspect that the tympanic membrane of a child has been ruptured?
- she has bloody, yellowish shuff coming out of her ear
- what statement made by a parent suggests a possible hearing impairment in the child?
- my 4 month old baby does not respond to loud noise
- what type of sounds are first lost with sensorineural hearing loss?
- high frequency sounds
- which structure of the ear stimulates the acoustic nerve?
- the organ of corti
- why are infants and young children at greater risk for ear infections than older children and adults?
- they have wider, shorter, and horizontal eustachian tubes