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Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing Ch 52

Terms

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The lymphocytes of WBC differential decrease in a viral infection.

True or False
FALSE

The lymphocytes of a WBC differential INCREASE in a viral infection.
Humoral immunity occurs when a person has recovered from a disease and now has antibodies and memory cells specific for that pathogen.

True or False
FALSE

NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE immunity occurs when a person has recovered from a disease and now has antibodies and memory cells specific for that pathogen.
IgG provides long-term immunity.

True or False
TRUE
T lymphocyte cells mature in the thymus gland.

True or False
TRUE
Immunoglobins are also called antibodies.

True or False
TRUE
The nurse who is teaching a pt about vaccines would be correct in teaching that a vaccine provides which of the following types of immunity?

a. Naturally acquired passive immunity

b. Artificially acquired passive immunity

d. Artificially acquired active immunity
The nurse is assisting with data collection. Which one of the following past surgeries may be useful in assessing potential immune system dysfunction?

a. Splenectomy

b. Thyroidectomy

c. Pneumonectomy

d. Parathy
a. Splenectomy
The nurse is assisting with data collection and the pt reports tenderness in the cervical lymph nodes. The nurse recognizes that enlarged, tender lymph nodes that usually indicate which of the following problems?

a. Cancer

b. Degene
c. Inflammation
The nurse is caring for a pt w/suspected HIV. The nurse anticipates that which of the following is a confirmation test that will be ordered to test for HIV antibodies?

a. Murex SUDS

b. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

c.
c. Western blot
The nurse is giving immunizations. Which of the following vaccines are recommended annually for the elderly pt?

a. Influenza

b. Pneumovax

c. Diphtheria tetanus

d. Polio
a. Influenza
lymphocytes
cells present in blood & lymphatic tissue that provide the main means of immunity for the body (WBCs)

3 types:
natural killer (NK) cells
T cells
B cells
antigens
chemical markers that identify cells or molecules
natural killer (NK) cells
able to destroy many kinds of pathogens & tumor cells

found in blood, bone marrow, lymph odes & spleen

a lymphocyte
T cells
genetically programmed to respond to one kind of foreign antigen
B cells
genetically programmed to respond to one kind of foreign antigen

when activated during immune response, become plasma cells that produce antibodies to specific foreign antigen
antibodies
AKA immunoglobulins (Ig) or gamma globulins

proteins produced by plasma cells in response to foreign antigens

do not directly destroy foreign antigens; become attached to antinges to "label" them for desturction

each antibody specific for only one antigen
cell-mediated immunity
production of lymphocytes by thymus in response to antigen detection

affective against:
viruses
fungi
malignant cells
grafts of foreign tissue
neutrophil
phagocyte essential for ingestion & destruction of bacteria & small particles within body

is a type of WBC (leukocyte)
IgG
immunoglobulins -or- gamma globulins

crosses placenta to provide passive immunity for newborns

provides ong-term immunity following a vaccine or illness recovery

located in blood & extracellular fluid
IgM
produced first by maturing immune system of infant

located in blood
humoral immunity
AKA antibody-mediated immunity

develops in response (by B cells) to exposure to antigens

is associated w/antibodies that circulate in serum
passive immunity
antibodies not produced by the individual but obtained from another source (i.e. breast milk)

always temporary - antibodies eventually break down
active immunity
individual produces own antibodies

duration of immunity depends on disease or vaccine
naturally acquired active immunity
use of memory cells post illness

duration of immunity depends on disease
artifically acquired active immunity
vaccination

duration of immunity depends on vaccine
Western blot test
tests for antibodies to HIV

technical and lab test, therefore not used as screening test

used as confirmation

positives difficult to determine
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
tests for antibodies to HIV

inexpensive & easily performed

good screening test for HIV

high incidence of false-positives due to test's nonspecificity
Polymerase chain reaction
detects nonreplicating viral genomes

requires only 1-2 mL of blood

costly & time consuming

not a screening test
Chemical markers that identify cells or molecules

NITSENGA
ANTIGENS
Immunity that involves only T cells

LELC DIAETDEM TUMINYMI
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells

YPEYMOCLSTH
LYMPHOCYTES
Destroys cells

YICTXOOTC
CYTOTOXIC
Resistant to further cases of certain infectious diseases

NIMEUM
IMMUNE
Both T cells and B cells are involved in this immunity

RAMOHUL NUTMIMYI
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
Increased in bacterial and acute infection

NETUORPILSH
NEUTROPHILS
Immunoglobins

DAINTIOSEB
ANTIBODIES

Deck Info

36

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