Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing Ch 52
Terms
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The lymphocytes of WBC differential decrease in a viral infection.
True or False -
FALSE
The lymphocytes of a WBC differential INCREASE in a viral infection. -
Humoral immunity occurs when a person has recovered from a disease and now has antibodies and memory cells specific for that pathogen.
True or False -
FALSE
NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE immunity occurs when a person has recovered from a disease and now has antibodies and memory cells specific for that pathogen. -
IgG provides long-term immunity.
True or False - TRUE
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T lymphocyte cells mature in the thymus gland.
True or False - TRUE
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Immunoglobins are also called antibodies.
True or False - TRUE
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The nurse who is teaching a pt about vaccines would be correct in teaching that a vaccine provides which of the following types of immunity?
a. Naturally acquired passive immunity
b. Artificially acquired passive immunity
- d. Artificially acquired active immunity
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The nurse is assisting with data collection. Which one of the following past surgeries may be useful in assessing potential immune system dysfunction?
a. Splenectomy
b. Thyroidectomy
c. Pneumonectomy
d. Parathy - a. Splenectomy
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The nurse is assisting with data collection and the pt reports tenderness in the cervical lymph nodes. The nurse recognizes that enlarged, tender lymph nodes that usually indicate which of the following problems?
a. Cancer
b. Degene - c. Inflammation
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The nurse is caring for a pt w/suspected HIV. The nurse anticipates that which of the following is a confirmation test that will be ordered to test for HIV antibodies?
a. Murex SUDS
b. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
c. - c. Western blot
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The nurse is giving immunizations. Which of the following vaccines are recommended annually for the elderly pt?
a. Influenza
b. Pneumovax
c. Diphtheria tetanus
d. Polio - a. Influenza
- lymphocytes
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cells present in blood & lymphatic tissue that provide the main means of immunity for the body (WBCs)
3 types:
natural killer (NK) cells
T cells
B cells - antigens
- chemical markers that identify cells or molecules
- natural killer (NK) cells
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able to destroy many kinds of pathogens & tumor cells
found in blood, bone marrow, lymph odes & spleen
a lymphocyte - T cells
- genetically programmed to respond to one kind of foreign antigen
- B cells
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genetically programmed to respond to one kind of foreign antigen
when activated during immune response, become plasma cells that produce antibodies to specific foreign antigen - antibodies
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AKA immunoglobulins (Ig) or gamma globulins
proteins produced by plasma cells in response to foreign antigens
do not directly destroy foreign antigens; become attached to antinges to "label" them for desturction
each antibody specific for only one antigen - cell-mediated immunity
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production of lymphocytes by thymus in response to antigen detection
affective against:
viruses
fungi
malignant cells
grafts of foreign tissue - neutrophil
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phagocyte essential for ingestion & destruction of bacteria & small particles within body
is a type of WBC (leukocyte) - IgG
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immunoglobulins -or- gamma globulins
crosses placenta to provide passive immunity for newborns
provides ong-term immunity following a vaccine or illness recovery
located in blood & extracellular fluid - IgM
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produced first by maturing immune system of infant
located in blood - humoral immunity
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AKA antibody-mediated immunity
develops in response (by B cells) to exposure to antigens
is associated w/antibodies that circulate in serum - passive immunity
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antibodies not produced by the individual but obtained from another source (i.e. breast milk)
always temporary - antibodies eventually break down - active immunity
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individual produces own antibodies
duration of immunity depends on disease or vaccine - naturally acquired active immunity
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use of memory cells post illness
duration of immunity depends on disease - artifically acquired active immunity
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vaccination
duration of immunity depends on vaccine - Western blot test
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tests for antibodies to HIV
technical and lab test, therefore not used as screening test
used as confirmation
positives difficult to determine - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
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tests for antibodies to HIV
inexpensive & easily performed
good screening test for HIV
high incidence of false-positives due to test's nonspecificity - Polymerase chain reaction
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detects nonreplicating viral genomes
requires only 1-2 mL of blood
costly & time consuming
not a screening test -
Chemical markers that identify cells or molecules
NITSENGA - ANTIGENS
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Immunity that involves only T cells
LELC DIAETDEM TUMINYMI - CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
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Natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells
YPEYMOCLSTH - LYMPHOCYTES
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Destroys cells
YICTXOOTC - CYTOTOXIC
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Resistant to further cases of certain infectious diseases
NIMEUM - IMMUNE
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Both T cells and B cells are involved in this immunity
RAMOHUL NUTMIMYI - HUMORAL IMMUNITY
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Increased in bacterial and acute infection
NETUORPILSH - NEUTROPHILS
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Immunoglobins
DAINTIOSEB - ANTIBODIES