Neuroscience
Terms
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- Amygdala
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emotional reactions like anger and fear
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Anterior Pituitary Gland
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secretes growth hormones
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Asoociation Areas
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higher mental functions
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Autonomic system
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Controlled by the hypothalamus and medula, contains Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems.
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Basal Ganglia
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initiates movements and controls fine motor movements
- Brainstem
- Oldest part of the brain. Contains the Medulla and Reticular formation.
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Broca's Area
- speech
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Central Nervous System
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Contains spinal cord, brain, and neural networks.
- Cerebellum
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coordinates voluntary movement and balance
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Cerebral Cortex
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contains the cortex, white matter, and glial cells
- CT
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looks at tissues, muscles, not very useful for looking at the brain
- EEG
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Map electrodes on your skull to various areas of the brain. used for detecting the presence of seizure disorders, head injuries
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Endocrine System
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controls hormones
- fMRI
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looks at certain functions of the brain
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Frontal Lobe
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complex and abstract activities, judgments
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Glial Cells
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nourish neurons, control a lot of thought and behavior
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Hemispheric Differences
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right has to do with perceptual skills, left with language
- Hippocampus
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associated with memory
- Hypothalamus
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directs eating, drinking, governs the endocrine system, linked to emotion
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Limbic System
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Affects emotion, regulated a lot by hormones. Contains the Hippocampus, Amygdla, and Hypothalamus.
- Medulla
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responsible for autonomic functions, controls organs
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Motor Cortex
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controls voluntary movement
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Neural Networks
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create clusters of neurons that communicate with each other
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Occipital Lobe
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controls vision
- Ovary
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secretes estrogen
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Calms body, reserves resources.
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Parathyroid Gland
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increases blood calcium, decreases potassium
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Parietal Lobe
- integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, and in the manipulation of objects.
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Path of a Neuron
- Neuron connects with the dendrite, which travels with action potential into the synapse, where it is passed on to the axon and travels to the axon terminal. Axon terminal releases neurotransmitters, which find to the receptor sites on the next neuro
- Peripheral Nervous System
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Autonomic and Somatic
- PET
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used to detect cancer and examine effects of therapy, uses a radioactive substance
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Posterior Pituitary Gland
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secretes vasopressin, which contricts blood vessels and regulates blood pressure
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Reticular Formation
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responsible for general arousal, filters information from spinal cord and directs it to the right part of the brain
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Sensory Cortex
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reigisters body sensations
- Somatic System
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Controls voluntary movements.
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Spinal Cord
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responsible for reflexes, location of pain receptors
- Sympathetic Nervous System
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Arouses body, mobilizes resources.
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Temporal Lobe
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hearing, speech, comprehension, naming, verbal memory, recognition of faces
- Testes
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releases androgens, which produce sperm
- Thalamus
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relay center for messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex, directs sensory informatio, transmits information back to the cerebellum and medulla, does not control smell.
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Thyroid Gland
- secretes hormones that affect metabolic rate, growth, and maturation
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Visual Cortex
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receives visual stimuli
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Wernicke's Area
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hearing and interpreting auditory code
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White Matter
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carries information from one part of the brain to another, gray matter processes information