Holistic
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- holistic
- Assumes interrelationships among the parts. (society as a "whole")
- Prehistoric Anthropology
- prior to writing
- ethnolinguistics
- Analyzes the relationship between a language and culture.
- sociolinguistics
- Analyzes the relationship between language and culture with a focus on how people speak in social contexts
- Use Value
- stuff produced within family and has little or no value outside of family.
- Exchange Value
- stuff produced to have value outside family.
- Paleoanthropology
- looking at human evolution through skeletons.
- enthnography
- a written description of ONE culture
- ethnology
- the comparative study of cultures with the aim of presenting analytical generalizations about human culture.
- brideswealth
- where valuable gifts are given by the groom's kin to the bride's kin.
- dowry
- where valuable gifts are given by the bride's kin to the groom's kin.
- dowry death
- killing a bride to get another dowry from a new marriage.
- clines
- basically means "race"
- cultural relativism
- idea that a culture must be viewed and evaluated within the context of that culture.
- postmodernism
- a theoretical perspective that applies a humanistic approach to ethnography with a focus on individuals and their voices.
- rapport
- a harmonious relationship
- Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
- language influences people's perception of things.
- subculture
- e.g. Korean Americans
- microculture
- e.g. people who play starcraft
- biophilia
- connection to non-humans
- animism
- religion linked with connection to non-human things
- hegemony
- means "domination"
- Eskimo science
- after years and years of doing something, people come up with methods and rules.
- contagious magic
- a physical object is connected to something "magical"
- Imitative Magic
- resemblance to something with influence (e.g. voodoo doll)
- Dependency Theory
- make 3rd world world societies be dependent on wealthy nations (wealthy nations benefit).
- World Systems Theory
- multi-national corporations use underdeveloped societies as a means of labor (benefits corporations)
- Modernization Theory
- bring industry to savages (white man's burden)
- Hawthorne Effect
- presence of a researcher affects behavior.
- distortion
- seeing what you want even when it's not there.
- Reflexive Anthropology
- personal perspectives and reactions of the fieldworker while immersed in the field situation.
- proxemics
- how much social space people are used to.
- carrying capacity
- the maximum population that a habitat can sustain
- kinesics
- use of body to commuicate
- technology
- the knowledge, tools, ad skills used by humans to manipulate their environment.
- psychological functionalism
- individual needs
- structural functionalism
- societal needs
- Yanomamo
- tribe near amazon river in south america
- Tylor & Morgan
- anthropologists who studied unilinear cultural evolution
- unilinear cultural evolution
-
S avage
B arbarian
C ivilized - Ruth Benedict
- biggest proponent of cultural relativism (look at society from that society's perspective)
- consanguineal relatives
- relatives through blood
- affinal kin
- relatives through marriage
- cross cousin
- father's sister's children or mother's brother's children
- emic
- insider perspective
- etic
- outsider perspective
- code switching
- same as sociolinguistics -- talking differently in different social contexts.
- foraging
- hunting and gathering
- horticulture
- crop production without preparation
- pastoralism
- herding
- agriculture
- intensive and continuous; controlling environment.
- Concept: Types of Societies
-
B ands
T ribes
C hiefdoms
S tates - Franz Boas
- started the first ph.d. program.
- genealogical method
- the triangle and circle kinship tree.
- sex
- the biological aspect of being female, male, or other, assigned at birth based on external genitalia.
- gender
- the sociocultural construct of masculine and feminine roles and the qualities assigned to these roles
- gender role
- the tasks and behaviors assigned by a culture to each sex.
- phonetics
- classification of speech sounds
- phonemes
- individual sound (letter)
- morpheme
- smallest combination of sound that carries a meaning.
- parallel cousin
- father's brother's children or mother's sister's children
- Concept: Functions of Religion
-
1. Renders the Mysterious Intelligible.
2. Deal w/ Trials & Tribulation
3. Maintain social order. - Concept: Language and Gender
- Men speak with a more dominating tone while women speak with a more intimate tone. Also, some terms such as mailman are gender specific.
- Iroquois kinship terminology
- calls mother and mother's sisters the same (one or more mother), same with father and father's brothers.
- Hawaiian kinship terminology
- generational system, calls everyone of the same gender in a generation the same name.
- Inuit kinship terminology
- exactly like American kinship terminology.