fungal infections
Terms
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- histoplasma capsulatum
-
ascomycete
dimorphic
h and e stain, PAS stain, methenamine silver stain
macro/microconidia
mississippi
avian bat feces
can reside in M phage
enlargement of reticuloendothelial organs
with young elderly immunocompromised
skin test 2-5 wks not good for endogenous people
look for yeast within mphage
amphotecerin b
itraconazole - coccidoides immitis
-
valley fever- flu like meningeal involvement, skin lesions
cxr: eggshell
skin test 1-2 wks
precipitation and complement fixing AB
apheres and endospheres/ rupture to release
dimorphic
airborne arthroconidia
dustclouds, earthquakes - blastomyces dermatitis
-
broad based budding yeast
dimorphic
rural of SE and Central
lobar pneumonia--> disseminates
SKIN LESIONS papular ulcerated - paracoccidoides brasiliensis
-
parent cell with peripheral buds
dimorphic south american warm wet,
lobar pneumonia that disseminates - aspergillus
-
opportunistic
ascomyocete
filamentous fungus
septate hyphae
45 branching
secretes protinases whcih inhibit mucociliary sustem phagocytosis
causes: 1: acute asthma rxn
alergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis type 1-3 arthus
fungus ball
pulmonary invasive aspergillosis
risk fxs CF
TB sarcoidosis cavitary CA
neutropenia
corticosteroid and itraconazole - zygomycetes
-
opportunistic nonseptate hyphae 90 branch
=mucormycosis
preferential to CNS
entry through nose, eyes palate
risk fxs DKA
increased FE
burn pts immuno def - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-
rod shaped obligate anaerobe
heat sensitive
produce niacin
acid fast stain
facultive intracellular parasite
sulfatides: inhibit phagosome lysosome fusion. inhabits mphage
LAM: decreases mphage active
resp. droplet nuclei
insidious onset, fever weight loss, blood tinged sputum
culture on lowenstein jensem, middlebrook or liquid broth
mantoux test anergy with HIV
INH
rifampin,pyrazinimide, ethambutol etc.
BCG vaccination, not in US - MAC
-
only treated with rifabutine
and cipro
NOT P2P in water and soil
dissemination common - m kansasii
-
NOT P2P water and soil
ppd x reactivity - nocardia
-
beady gram positive
aerobe
patially acid fast
filamentous
found in soil
lung abscesses
and BRAIN ABSCESSES
sulfonimides