Medical Terminology Ch06
Terms
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- blast/o
- germ or bud
-
chrom/o
chromat/o - color
- chyl/o
- juice
-
hem/o
hemat/o - blood
- immun/o
- safe
- lymph/o
- clear fluid
- morph/o
- form
- phag/o
- eat or swallow
- reticul/o
- spleen
- thromb/o
- clot
- thym/o
- thymus gland
- plasma
- liquid portion of blood, and cellular components (leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets)
- serum
- liquid portion of blood post-clotting
- erythrocyte
- red blood cell
- hemoglobin
- protein-iron compound used for carrying oxygen in red blood cell
- leukocyte
- white blood cel, protector
- granulocytes
- leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm
- neutrophil
- granular leukocyte, eats bacteria
- polymorpho-nuclear leukocyte (PMN)
- neutrophil
- band
- immature neutrophil
- eosinophil
- granular leukocyte, named for red coloring of it granular. increases in allergic and infection reactions
- basophil
- granular leukocyte, named for dark strain, brings antiocoagulant substances to inflamed tissues
- agranulocytes
- active in immune process. T,B,NK cells
- monocyte
- agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
- platelets
- thrombocytes, used in blood cloting
- thymus
- primary gland of the lymphatic system, produces T lymphocytes
- spleen
- organ between the stomach and diaphragm, removes dead blood cells, and removes cellular debris
- lymph
- fluid circulated through the lymph vessels
- lymph capillaries
- microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels
- lymph vessels
- vessels that reveive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes
- lacteals
- specialized lymph vessels in the small intestive that absorb fat
- chyle
- white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances
- lymph nodes
- small oval structures that filter lymph from the lympg vessels
- lymph ducts
- collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
- right lymphatic duct
- recives lymph from the right upper part of the body
- thoracic duct
- recives lymph from the left side of the body
- immunity
- process of disease protection induced by exposure to antigen
- antigen
- substance that body forms antibodies against
- antibody
- substance producded by the body that destroys antigens
- active immunity
- immunity that protects the body against a future infection
- passive immunity
- immunity resulting from INTRODUCED antibodies
- anisocytosis
- presence of red blood cless of unequal size
- pancytopenia
- abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
- erythropenia
- abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
- hemolysis
- breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
- immunocompromised
- impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents
- immunosuppression
- impaired ability to porvide an immune response
- lymphadenopathy
- enlarged ability to provide an immune response
- lymphocytopenia
- abnormaly reduced number of lynphocytes
- macrocytosis
- presence of large red blood cells
- microcytosis
- presence of small red blood cells
- nuetropenia
- decrease in the number of neutropholis
- poikilocytosis
- presence of large irregulary shaped red blood cells
- reticulocytosis
- increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood
- splenomegaly
- enlargement of the spleen
- aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- renderes immune cells ineffective
- anemia
- condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemogloben
- iron deficiency anemia
- microcytic normochromic type of anemia, caused by lack of iron
- pernicious anemia
- macrosytic normochromic type anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12
- aplastic anemia
- normocytic-normochromic type of anemia, failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
- erythroblastosis fetalis
- blood incompatability between mother and child
- hemochromatosis
- hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in body
- hemophilia
- hereditary factors, defects in clotting factors
- leukemia
- chronic or acute cancer in blood-forming organs
- lymphoma
- neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue
- metastasis
- cances cells spread by blood or lymph systems
- mononucleosis
- viral condition characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells, enlarged lymph nodes
- polycythemia
- increased numbers of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
- septicemia
- systemic disease casued by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in blood
- thrombocytopenia
- bleeding disorder, decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process
- phlebotomy
- incision into vein for blood draw and testing
- blood chemistry
- specialized batteries of automated tests
- basic metabolic panel
- battery of test used as screen for disease
- comprehensive metabolic panel
- tests in addition to basic panel for expanded screeening purpose
- blood culture
- test to diagnose and infection in the blood stream
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- timed test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle
- partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
- test to determine coagulation defects
- thromboplastin
- substance necessary for coagulation
- prothrombin time (PT)
- test to measure activity of prothrombin the the blood
- prothrombin
- protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
- complete blood count (CBC)
- common blood test, includes four counts
- blood indices
- manipulation of CBC tests results
- mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
- calculation of the volume of indivular cells in cubic microns
- differential count
- determination of blood content breakdown
- red cell morphology
- identifying and counting WBCs, condition, size, and shape of red blood cells
- bone marrow aspiration
- needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination
- lympangiogram
- xray of a lymph node
- bone marrow transplant
- transplantation of healthy bone marrow for stimulate blood cell production
- lympadenectomy
- removal of a lymph node
- lympadenotomy
- incision into a lymph node
- splenectomy
- removal of spleen
- thymectomy
- removal of the thymus gland
- chemotherapy
- treatment with chemical agents to destory cells
- plasmapheresis
- removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements
- hemostatic
- drug that stops flow of blood in vessels