3. Cellular Immunology
Terms
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- What are the 3 types of MHC?
-
Class 1 - ABC
Class 2 - DR, DP, DQ
Class 3 - Complement related - what cells have MHC Class 1?
- 1: all nucleated cells except neurons and striated muscle
- what cells have MHC class 2?
-
-B cells
-mono/macrophages
-Activated Tcells
-Intestinal epithelial cells. - What is Primary lymphoid tissue?
-
Bone marrow
Thymus - What is 2ndary lymphoid tissue?
-
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Bone Marrow - what are the important T-cell markers?
- 1-5, 7/8
- What is CD1 on?
- Thymocytes
- What is CD2?
- E-rosette marker
- What is CD3 on?
- Mature T-cells, associated with TCR
- What is CD4 on?
- Helper T-cells
- What is CD5?
- Pan t-cell
- What is CD7?
- pan-tcell
- What is CD8 on?
- Suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells
- What are the 4 Tcell types?
-
-Helper
-DTH
-Suppressor
-Cytotoxic -
What CD and MHC are assoc w/:
-T Helper cells?
-T cytotoxic cells? -
Th = CD4 and MHCII
Tc = CD8 and MHCI - Which cells are the major effectors in graft rejection?
- Tc cells
- What is required from Th cells to stimulate Tc cells?
- IL-2
- What is the normal value of Tcells?
- 70-85% of all lymphs
-
What percent of all lymphs is
-Th cells?
-Tc cells? -
Thelper = 50-60%
Tcytoxc = 20-25% - What is the normal Th/Tc ratio?
- 2:1
- What are the important Bcell markers?
-
-CD10/CD19/CD20
-sIg
-HLA-DR -
What is CD10?
What is its importance? - CALLA early pre-B marker, important in childhood leukemia
- What is CD19?
- pan B-cell
- What is CD20?
- Pan B-cell
- What is sIg? What is its importance?
- Surface Immunoglobulin, if detected it confirms its a B
- What is HLA-DR?
- Class II MHC
- What are characteristics of a T-independent Bcell response?
-
-IgM production only
-No memory
-Only certain Ag's induce
-Specific
-Ag's removed by RES or C' - What type of gammopathy is seen in a T-indep. Bcell response?
- Monoclonal - each cell has only 1 heavy/1lite chain.
- What is the normal Bcell percent of all lymphs?
- 10-15%
- Where in the body are the most Bcells?
- Lymph nodes and Spleen
- What is the normal percent of NK cells in all lymphs?
- 10%
- How do NK cells kill?
-
-ADCC
-Lymphokine-stimulated - What are the important markers on NK cells?
-
CD16
CD56
CD57 - How is an absolute T4 or T8 cell count calculated?
- Absolute lymph x % of Tcell
- What type of receptor do macrophages/monocytes have lots of?
- Fc receptor
- Can macro/monos bind any cell?
- No; need a receptor.
- What can macros/monos recognize?
-
Cells coated w/ Ab
Cells coated w/ Complement - How do Macro/Monos function?
-
-Antigen processing
-Antigen presentation - What happens when Macro/monos present antigen?
- They secrete Il-1 to assist Tcell prolif and IL-2 prod.
- What is the normal range for MAcro/monos?
- 132-770/uL
- Where are the majority of macro/monos found?
- In the tissues - 400x more than in circulation.
- What are the important cell markers on macro/monos?
- CD14, CD4 (dim), HLA-DR
- List the congenital primary T-cell disorders:
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1. Digeorge's Syndrome
2. Nezeloff Syndrome - List the acquired primary T-cell disorders:
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1. AIDS
2. Autoimmune
3. Lymphoid malignancy - List the congenital primary B-cell disorders:
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1. Bruton's X-linked agammaglobulinemia
2. Selective IgA deficiency
3. CVID
4. Hyper IgM Syndrome - List the acquired primary B-cell disorders:
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1. Autoimmune
2. Malignancies
3. CVID - List the combined immunodeficiencies:
-
1. SCIDS
2. Wiscott-Aldrich Syndrome
3. CID
4. Ataxia-Telangiectasia - Quickly, what is another name for CID (comb. immunodef)?
- Bare lymph syndrome - no DR
- What 2 basic types of lab tests are done to differentiate the cmi's?
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1. Functional assays
2. Cell marker analysis by flow - What are the 2 functional assay types?
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1. Mitogens
2. MLC - what is the basic principle of functional assays?
- Utilize radio-labeled thymadine uptake to show proliferation.
- What are mitogens?
- Things in nature that stimulate proliferation.
- what is mlc?
- mixed lymphocyte cultures
- what is the principle of MLC?
- also uses radio-labeled thymadine uptake to illustrate proliferation of cells.
- List 3 Mitogens:
-
PHA - phytohemagglutinin
pwm - pokeweed mitogen
ConA - Concanaalin A -
What do the mitogens stimulate?
-PHA
-PWM
-ConA -
PHA stimulates Tcell prolifn.
PWM stimulates T/B cells
ConA stimulates Tc cells - How does MLC differ from mitogens?
- The stimulation comes from irradiated lymphs, placed in culture with the test lymphs.
- What sample types can flow cytometry be used on?
-
-blood
-bone marrow
-tissue