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Unit 1 - Vocab

Terms

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What is extension?
Movement that brings the members of a limb into/toward a straight position.
What is flexion?
Bending/being bent in contrast to extension. Decreasing angle of a joint.
What is the costocoracoid membrane?
The dense fascia between pec minor and subclavius m.
What is adduction?
Moving limb/eye toward median plane of body; digits toward middle finger (axial line of UL)
What is abduction?
The movement that makes you need to adduct - lateral movement away from body's median plane.
What is supination?
Turning your hand palm-up like a soup bowl; lying face up like your mouth is a soup bowl.
What is pronation?
Lying face down or palms down.
What is a dermatome?
Band/region of skin supplied by a single sensory nerve.
What is referred pain?
Pain arising in one body part, but actually being perceieved in another.
Where is referred pain felt when caused by:
-Diaphragm inflammation?
-MI?
-Appendicitis?
Diaphragmitis: shouler
MI: neck/jaw
Appendicitis: belly button
What is a Prime Mover?
A muscle that, upon contracting, is automatically checked and controlled by the opposing simultaneous contraction of another muscle.
What is an antagonist?
a muscle that contracts with and limits the action of an agonist with which it is paired
What is a synergist?
A muscle or organ functioning in cooperation w/ another - e.g. the flexor muscles. The opposite of an antagonist.
What is a fixator?
A muscle that acts as a stabilizer of one part of the body during movement of another.
What is a motor unit?
A motor NEURON + the muscle FIBERS that it innervates.
What is sacralization?
Fusion of SACRUM + 5th LUMBAR VERTEBRA.
What is lumbarization?
NONfusion of the 1st sacral vertebra w/ sacrum; functions as an EXTRA (6th) lumbar vertebra.
What is lumbar puncture?
Hollow needle gaining entry to subarachnoid space of the meningeal sac below end of spinal cord; usually the level of 4th intervertebral space
What is a sacral hiatus?
Not a vacation; the opening on the infero-posterior surface of the sacrum into the sacral canal.
What is spondylolysis?
A bilateral defect (weakening/stress fracture)in the pars interarticulis - most often seen in children and athletes (gymnasts/weight lifters) from hyperextension.
What is Spondylolithesis?
A condition resulting from spondylolysis where L5 slips forward onto the sacrum.
What is a herniated disc?
A rupture of the soft tissue that separates 2 vertebral bones into the spinal canal or adjacent spinal nerve roots.
What are the 5 most common causes of lower back pain?
1. Diseased intervertebral disc
2. Diseased interarticular joint
3. Diseased muscles/fascia
4. Diseased sacroiliac joints
5. Metabolic problems i.e. osteoporosis, diabetes mellit.

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