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World History pt. 1

Terms

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Pythagoras
Greek Philosopher, religious teacher, and mathematician
Archimedes
Greek Mathematican, physicist, and inventor who first stated the principals underlying specific gravity and the use of the lever
Euclid
Greek Mathematican, who wrote a famous book on Geometry
Vergil
Roman poet, author of the Aeneid, also the author of Virgil.
Hippocrates
Greek Physician called the father of medicine
Aqueduct
Artifical channels or large pipes for bringing water from a distance; structers that support such channels or pipes.
Despotism
Government rule by someone with unlimited power
inflation
a sharp increase in prices resulting in great expansion of money supply
Diaspora
In the first and second centries AD communties outside of Judea were many jews lived including Alexandria, Damasus, and Babylon. The scattering of the jews after their captivity in Babylon.
Punic Wars
The three major wars faught by Carhage and Rome between 264 and 146 BC the control of the western mediterranean
Hannibal
Carthaginian gerneral who fought the Romans and invaded Italy
Octavian
Grand nepheW and Heir of Julus Caesar the First emperor of Rome from 27 BC to 14 AD the roman senate gave his the honary title of Agustus meaning \"the majestic\"
Carthage
City and Sea port of ancient times in North Africa founded by the Phoenicians; destroyed by the Romans in 146 BC and rebuilt in 29 BC and finally destroid by the Arabs in 698 AD
Plebeians
the common peoplef Ancient Rome; usualy small farmers and trades people
Pyrrhic Victory
Victory at too great a cost; Pyrrhus king of Epirus who defeated the roman armies but lost so many men in doing so that he could not attack Rome itself
Patricians
Members of nobility of Acient Rome composed of the families decended from the orginal body of roman citizens
Republic
Nation or state in which the citizens elect representaives to manage the government which is usually headed by a president
Classical Culture
the blend of greek and roman culture that form the roots of western civilization
Rome
Capital of Italy, Tiber River, acient city in the same place; Capital City of the Roman Empire.
Julius Caesar
Roman Gereral statesman and Historian
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Brother of Gaius who shared an effort to bring a social and political reform to Rome: Roman social and political reformer brother of Tiberius
Ptolemy
Astronomer whose writings were accepted for 1500 years
Pax Romana
\"Roman Peace\" the first two centries of the roman empire from 27 BC to 180 AD
Cicero
Master statesman and orator of the Golden Age; wrote many essays and speeches
Galen
MOst Famous DOctor of Acient times; sidcovered that arteries contain Blood
Plutarch
His Parelle Lives included many biographies of Greeks and Romans
Monsoons
Seasonal winds of the Indian Oceanand southern Asia blowing from the southest form April to October and from the northest for the rest of the year
Subcontinent
a vast subdivision of a continent
Ganges River
River flowing across northern India and Bangladesh into the Bay of Bengal; it is reguared as sacred by the Hindus
Hinduism
The dominate Indian Religion parts of the Hindusim part Caste system and the worship on one god, Braham(many faces)
Reincarnations
the rebirth of the soul ion a new body
Epics
long narrative poems that tell adventres and achievements of one or more great heros
Caste System
The rigid social organization that separates people into classes at birth
Buddhism
the religion that attempted to reform hinduism
Siddhartha Gautama
A religios teacher of Northern India and the founder od Buddism known as the Buddah; a title meaning \"the enlighted one\"
Chandragupta Maurya
Indian Emperor and founder of the Mauryan Empire
Asoka
Indian Empire 273-232 BC the Mauryan dynasty who gave India unity, peace, and a responsible government; Responsible for spreading Buddism throughout the easteren hemispere
Guptas
A line of kings who encouraged learning, literature, and art
Peshawar
Capital city of India after the Kushan Invasion
Tamils
People of southern India who are decendents of acient dravidians and speak the Dravidian language as Tamil.
Himalayan Mountains
Natural Barriers that isolate India
Haung River
tHE river whose basin was the cradle of Chinese civilization
Confucius
The name given in the west to Kong Fuzi, a great and influential Chinese leader.
Chang River
The World\'s deapest river and one of China\'s main Trade Routes
Laozi
the man whose teachings formed the basis of Taoism
Xi River
The river that empties into the south China Sea at one of the few natural harbors in China
Mandate of Heaven
The Chinese Theroy of government that held that all rulers were expected to govern justly
Silk Road
A caravan trading toute running from China to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea
Feudal state
An area ruled by a nobel who receives authority from, and is responsible to, the king
Tang Dynasty
A 300 year long dynasy that came to power in 618 Ad and gave China a golden age
Wu Di
The important Han Ruler who expanded China\'s Border in the North, South, and West
Shi Huangdi
The Strong Emperor who uniied warring Chinese states and weakened the power of the nobles
Qin Dynasty
The short lived dynasty that goverened with absolute rule from 221-206 BC
Zhou Dynasty
The Dynasty that came to power in 1027 BC and ruled China Longest
Sahara
The desert that covers one- fourth of the African Continent; the world\'s largest desert
Kalahari Desert
A desert in southern Africa
Niger River
One of the four great rivers of africa along which existed large trading cities
Kush
The African Kingdom that florished from abot 750 BC- 350AD
Lineage
Several generations of a people all descended from the same person
Griots
Professional recordkeepers, historians and poltiical advisors to cheifs in early west africa
Berng Strait
The narrow strip of water that now separates North American and Asia near the Artic Ocean
Maya
The Acient American Indian people of Central American and Mexico. The Maya had a highly developed civilization from AD 300-900
Yucatan Peninsula
The birthplace of early Maya culture
Ideographic
The writing system in which symbols stand for ideas
Cuneiform
Wedge-shaped writing used by Sumerians that later adopted by other ancient people in the fertile crescent
Polis
In early Greek Society, a settlement established by a clan for protection from outside attackers
Minoans
The people who developed a civilization on Crete
Mythology
Group of Myths relating to a particular country or person
Australopethecians
Group of extinct promates whose fossil remains have been found throughout the world
Neanderthal People
Low-browed and barrel-cheated people whose brians were slightly larger than shoe of moden people
Cro-Magnon People
The Poepl from whom moden humans descended
Ziggurat
An ancient temple in the form of ta great pyramid with each story smaller than that below
Hammurabi
King of Babylon who established a famous code of laws
Aristotle
Greek Philosopher and scientist who was the tutor of Alexander the Great
Socrates
Athenian Philosper whose teachings were written down bny Plato
Archimeded
Scientist who made an important discovery about measuring volume
Carhage
City and seaport of acient times in Northern Africa, founded by the Phoenicians
Athens
City on the costal plain of Attica where democratic government developed
Troy
City located on the hellspont that controlled trade between the Aegean and the Black Sea
Homo Erectus
An extenct species of prehistoric human beings of the pleistocene period- prehumans who walked upright
Homo Sapiens
The species including all existing races of human beings means intelgent human beings
Mespotamia
The acient name for the eastern portion od the fertile cresent lying between the Tigris and Eupharates
Nebchadnezzar
King of Babylon from 605-652 BC established the Chalder empire aka the new bablian empire
Aberham
The ancestor of the hebrews, the founder of Judism
Canaanites
Semitic people who settled along the eastern coast of Mediternaean sea. Conquered by the Arameans and ancient Jews about 1200 BC
Plato
Greek Philosopher the pupil of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle
Moses
the great leader and law giver of the jews who led them out of Egypt
Loess
Fine rich yellowish brown soil usually despotited by the wind
Sophists
A group of teachers of Metoric philosophy and ethics in acient Greece
Irrigation
The process of suppling crops with water by using ditches and sprinkling and so forth
Macedonia
Ancient country in southeastern Europe north of greece at one time ruled by Alex the great.
Polytheism
Belief in more than one god
Battle of Marathon
Decisive victory for the Athenians over the Persiansin. 490 BC. After the battle a runner ran twenty-six miles the athens with news of victory
Middle East
Religion extended from Suda, Egypt, and Turkey. In the west to Iran, in the East Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Sauda Arabia.
Bible
The collection of Sacred writtings of the Christian religion compromising the old and new testament the form of the old accepted by jews
Aegean sea
Sea between Turkey and Greece an arm of the Mediterranean Sea
Monotheism
doctrine or belief that there is only one god
Judaism
Relgion on the Jews based on the teachings of Moses and the Prophets as found in the Bible and on the interpretations of the Rabbis
Neolithic Period
THe last psrt of the stone afe 6000BC-3000BC \"The New Stone Age\"- marked by the begining of agriculture and polished stone tools
Glaciation
The Process of covering with ice or glaciers
Epicurus
Greek Philosopher who taught that pleasure is the highest good, but that true pleasure depends on self-control, moderation and honerable behavior
Alphebet
the letetrs of a language arranged in their usual order, bnot as they are in words, a set of letter or characters responding sounds in writing
Agriculture
Science, art, or occupation or cultavating the soil, including the production of crops and the raising of livestock- developed during neolithic period
Hunter gathers
People who rely entirely on hunting wild animals and gathering roots, berriesm fruits, and nuts for their existence
City State
an independent state consisting of a city and the territories depending on it
Fertile Crescent
Cresent shaped strip of land extending from the east shore of the Med. Sea to the Persian Gulf known for the great soil
Potter\'s Wheel
A rotating horizontal disk set pon a vertical sxle; wet clay\'s thrown on the disk or wheel and molded into dishes vases pots and so on
Ice Age
The era from 1.5 Mil BC. -8000 BC - At least four long periods when polar ice caps extended across the continents
Bronze
a reddish brown metal mae by melting together the right amount of tin and copper
hieroglyphics
syste mof writing usind pictures characters or symbols standing for words ideas or sounds
Torah
the entire body of jewish law and tradition also the first five books of the old testament
China
A country in eastern Asia whose civilization developed along the Huang River
Specialization of Labor
the practice od dividing work so that those people most skilled in a particular task perform only those tasks. WHile others specilize in other jobs
Nomad
member of a tribe that moves from place to place to have food or pasture for its livestock. This way of life developed during the Neolithic period
Pharaoh
The title of any of the kings of ancient Egypt; from the Egyptian word meaning \"Royal house\"
Hellenistic age
A time of great economic growth and of cultural exchange btw. the East and the West- following Alexander the Great\'s Death in 323
Euripides
Greek Dramatist
Aeschylus
greek tragic poet, and dramatist; considered by many to be the father of tragedy
Lebanon
Country in the middle eastern end of the mediteranian, north of the isreal; ancient site of the phoenican city-states.
Thucydides
Greek historian author of History of the peloponnesian war.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
In the ancient city of Babylon, the lush roof-top gardens regarded by the greeks as one of the seven wonders on the world
Indus Valley
The area along the Indus river in what is now pakistan western India, where an ancient civilization flourished between 2500 B.C. & 1500 b.c
Mesolithic period
the middle part of the stone age, lasting from 8000 to 6000 BC \"The Middle Stone Age\"
Paleolithic Period
the earliest part of the stone age lasted from 2 mil BC to 8000 Bc \"The Old Stone Age\" tools were crudely chipped out of stone
Despot
Monarch having unlimited power; absolute ruler
King Menes
The ruler of the upper Egypt who united his kingdom with the kingdom of lower Egypt to the form the worlds first national government
Peloponesian War
Begin 431 the struggle of the sparta led city-states of ancient GReece against others
Dynasty
Succession of rulers who belong to the same family
theocracy
Government in whicha god is recognized as the surpreme civil ruler & in which religious authorities rule the state as the God\'s represenatives
Mycenaens
people from the Caspian Sea region, who invaded the greek penninsula about 1900 BC & established a flourishing cvilization
Sophocles
Greek tragic poet & dramatists
Persian Empire
Ancient empire in western & southwestern asia conqured by Alex The Great in 334-331
Pericles
Athenian Statesman orator & military commander under whose leadership ancient athen\'s relened its peak of culture and power
Egypt
Country in northeastern africa located along the nile river the cradle of an ancient civilization
Aristophanes
Greek writer of comedies
Ninevah
Capital of Ancient assyria It\'s runs are on the Tigris River opposite mosul in northern Iraq
Empire
group of countries or states under one ruler or government
Herodotus
Greek historian called the father of history
Hominids
A family of primates that includes human beings \"two legged primates\"
Stotics
Membersof an ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by zeno this school taught thatvirtue is the highest good one should be free from passion and unmoved by lifes end
Protagoras
GReek philosopher and teacher one of the sophists

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