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Advance Science Anatomy

Terms

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adipose
fat tissue
adrenalin
hormone released from the adrenal medulla; increases cardiac output and blood glucose levels - also called epinephrine
alveoli
the terminal sac-like endings of the respiratory system, where gas exchange occurs
amylase
one group of starch splitting enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related polysacrides; produced by the salivary glands and the pancreas
antibodies
protein found in blood plasma that binds to a specific usually foreign or toxic substance.
aortic semilunar
valve from right ventrical to aorta
A-V node
pacemaker in the right atrium
axon
main central process of a neuron that normally conducts nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body
Bowman\'s Capsule
the enlarged end of the nephron; Bowman\'s capsule and glomerulus make up the renal corpuscle
bronchi
one of the finer subdivisions of the bronchial tubes -smooth muscle and elastic fibers
bursae
clsed sac or pocket containing synovial fluid, usually found where friction occurs, e.g. between bone and muscle or between bone and skin
capillaries
tiny blood vessel consisting of only sinple suqmous epithelium and a basement membrane; major sie for the exchange of substances between blood and tissue
cartilage
firm smooth resilient nonvascular connective tissue
cervix
lower part of uterus extending into the vagina; contains the cervical canal
cilia
extension of the cell surface that moves; functions to move materials along the surface of the cell
collagen
ropelike protein of the extracellular matrix. Porvides support and resists stretching
colon
division of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the rectum; consists of asending transverse desending and sigmoid colons
deamination
breaking down groups of amino acids and turning them into urea (NH3)
dendrite
short tree-like cell process of a neuron; usually recieves stimuli
dentin
living cellular tissue calcified
diaphragm
muscular partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities; its movements produces mos of the changes in thoracic volume responsible for respiration
diastole
relaxation of the heart chambers during which the fill with blook; usually refers to ventricular relaxation
ductus arteriosus
a short artery that connects the pulmonary trunk with the aorta in a fetus; allows blood to bypass the lungs
duodenum
first division of the small intestine ; connects to the stomach
dura matter
tough fibrous membrane forming the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord
emulsification
two liquids with one liquid dispersed though the other liquid or in very fine globules - to form and elmulsion
epiglottis
plate of elastic cartilage covered with mucous membrane ; serves to cover teh opening to the larynx during swallowing
epithelium
one of the four major tissue types; consists of cells with a basement membrane, little extracellular material, and no blood vessels; covers the free surfaces of the body and forms glands
erythrocytes
red blood cells - bioconcave disk shaped cell the contains hemoglobin but does not have nucleus; transpots O2 and CO2
estrogen
hormone secreted primarily by the ovaries ; involved in maintenace and development of female reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and the menstral cycle
excretion
peeing!
fertilization
union of a sperm cell and an oocyte to form a zygote
fibrillation
rapid irregular beats of the heart
fibrin
a threadlike protein fiber derived from fibinogen by the action of thrombin;forms a clot i.e, a network of fibers that traps blood cells, palets and fluid which stops the bleeding
Follicle Stim. Hor
Hormone of the anterior piuitary in the female simulates the follicles of the ovary, assits in the maturation of the follicle, and causes secretion of estrogen from the follicel; in a male stimulates the epithelium of te seminiferous tubules and its partically respondsibe for induing spermatogensis
forman ovale
in the fetal heart, the oval opening in teh interatial septum with a valve taht allows blook to low from the right to the left atrium but now in the4 opposite direction; allos blood to by pass the lungs in the fetus; closes at birth
glia
(neuroglia) - Cells of the nervous system other than the neurons; play a support role in the nervous system
granulocytes
white blood cells characterized by presence of granuales aka luekocytes
growth hormone
(GH) Protein hormone of the anterior pituitary; it pormotes body growth, fat mobilization, and inhibition of glucose utilization
Haversian
(harversian canal) canal running parallel to the long axis of a bone; contains blood vessels, nerves, and loose connective tissue.
hemoglobin
a substance in red blood cells consisting of four globin proteins, each with an iron-containing red pigment heme; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
heparin
an anticolaguent in blood
homeostasis
existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body with respect to the functions and the compostion of fluids and tissues
implantation
attachment of the blastocyst to the wall of the uterus
insulin
protein hormone secreted from the pancreas that increases the uptake of glucose and amino acids by most tissues
keratin
fibrous protein complex found in the stratum corneum, hair, and nails; provides extra strenght
leukocytes
white blood cell round nucleated cell invoved in immunity. the five types of white blood cells are neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes ; also called a leukocyte
ligament
a band of dense connective tissue that connects tow or more bones cartilages or other stuctures
lipase
any fat splitting enzyme
liver
largest gland in the body,lying in the upper right portion of the abdomen just inferior to the diaphragm; secrestes bile and is of great importance in carbohydrate and protein metabolism and in detoxifying chemicals.
loop of Henle
U-shaped part of the nephron extending from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule and consisting of desending and ascending limbs; many of the loops of Henle extend into the renal pyramids.
lumbar
meaning torso in crazy terms
matrix
the extracellular substance of a tissue
medulla oblongata
inferior portion of the brainstem that connects teh spinal cord to the brain; contains nuclei controlling heart rate, respiration, and swallowing; contains ascending and desending nerve tracts
medullary
large marrow filled cavity in the diaphysis of a long bone.
meninges
(meninx) connective tissue membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord; the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.
menopause
permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle
menstration
loss of blood and tissue as the endometrium of the uterus sloughs away at the end of the menstrual cycle
mitral valve
(bicuspid valve) valve consisting of tow cusps of tissue; located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
muscle
one of the four major tissue types; consists of cells with the ability to contract; skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
myosin
thick myofilament within the sarcomere
nephron
functional unit of the kidney, consising of bowmans capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop fo Henle, and the distal convolued tubule.
neurotransmitter
a chemical that a neuron relases into the synapse; serves to transmit information to another neuron or effector cell
neutrophils
white blood cell with granules that stain with neither basic or acidic dyes; small phagocytic white blood cell
origin
the origin of a muscle is where the muscle attaches to bone, occasionally another muscle
osteocyte
mature bone cell surrounded by bone matrix
ovary
one of twi fenake reproductive glands located in the pelvic cavity; produces the oocyte, estrogen, and progesterone
oviduct
passage from the ovaries to the outside world
ovulation
release of an oocyte from the ovary
pepsin
principle digestive enzyme of gastric juice; digest proteins into smaller polypeptide chains.
periodontal
connective tissue that surronds the tooth root and attaches it to its bony socket.
periosteum
connective tissue sheath covering the entire surface of a bone except the articular surface, which is voered with cartilage.
peristalsis
waves of contraction and relaxatino moving along a tube; propels food along the digestive tube
peritoneum
membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity
phagocytosis
cell eating; process of ingestion by a cell of solid substances such as other cells, bacterica, bits of dead tissue, and foreign particles
pharynx
upper expaned protion of the difestive tube located between the esophagus and the oral and nasal cavites
plasma
fluid protion of the blood; blood minus the cells and fragments
pleural
space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura, normally filled with pleural fluid
prolactin
hormone secreted by the ovaries and by the placenta; necessary for the uterine and mammary gland development and function in pregnant and nonprognant women
prostate
a galnd that surronds the beginning of the urethra in the male; the secretion of the gland is a milky fluid that is discharged into the urethra as part of the semen
reabsorption
kidney reabsorption of everything except urea
red marrow
connective tissue within the cavities of bone; the site of blood cell production.
rotation
movement of a structure about its axis
rugae
role or ridge; fold of the mucous membrane of the stomach; trasverse ridge in the mucous membrane of the vagina
sacral
of the sacrum
scapula
two large flat bones of the shoulder
secretion
any substance that is secreted by and organism
seminal vesicles
one of two glandular structures that empty into the ejaculatory ducts; its secretion is one of the components of semen
small intestine
portion of the digestive tract between the stomach and the cecum; consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
sphincter
A ringlike band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening, constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning
spleen
large lymphatic organ in the upper part of the abdominal cavity on the left side, between the stomach and diaphragm; responds to teh microorganisms and foreign substances in the blood, destroys worn out reb blood celss, and is a reservoir for blood.
spongy bone
bone with a latticelike appearance, having spaces filled with marrow
stomach
an organ that stores food in the process of digestion
striations
parallel lines in muscle tissue
sucrase
name given to a number of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose
synapse
junction between a neuron and come other cell
synovial
connective tissue membrane lining the joint cavity (except for articular cartilage) or bursa; produces synovial fluid
systole
contraction of the heart chambers during which blood leaves the chambers; usually refers to the ventricular contraction
tendon
band of dense connective tissue that connects a muscle toa bone or other structure
testes
one of two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum; produces testosterone and sperm cells
testosterone
hormone secreted primarily by the testes; aids in spermatogenesis, cnotrols maintenance and development of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics and influences sexual behavior
thoracic
space bounded by the neck, the thoracic wall and the diaphragm
thrombocytes
a cell fragment involved in platelet plug and clot formation
thrombin
coagulation protein
thyroxin
one of the hormones that contain iodine atoms
tibia
bone anterior to the fibula
tidal volume
the volume of air inspired or expired in a single breath during regular brathing; usually measured at rest but can refer to air movement during exercise
tissue
a collection of cells with similar structure and function, and the substances between the cells
trachea
air tube extending from the larynx inot the thorax, where it divides to form the two primary bronchi; has 16 to 20 C-shaped rings of cartilage in its walls; functions to conduct air
tricuspid
valve consisting of three cusps of tissue; located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart
trypsin
digestive enzyme in pancreatic juice; digest proteins and polypeptide chains into short amino acid chains
urethra
tue that carries urine from urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
uterus
hollow muscular organ in which the ferilized oocyte develops into a fetus
vagina
genital canal in the female extending fro mthe uterus to the vestibule
vas deferens
duct ofthe testicle running from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
villi
projection of the mucous membrane of the small intestine; functinos to increase surface area for absorption and secretion
vital capacity
the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and the expiratory reserve volume

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