Biology Final June 2006
Terms
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- How do organisms grow?
- Cell divison produces more cells
- What is the cell cycle?
- Repeating sequence of cell growth and division
- What is the area where sister chromatids are attached to each other called?
- Centromere
- Describe the events of interphase?
- Chromosomes double and move to opposite sides of the cell. Includes stages G1, S, G2
- List the phases in order of occurance?
- Prophase, Metaphase, Interphase, Anaphase, Telophase...Cytokinesis begins
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How many chromosomes does each human body cell have?
Each sex cell? -
46 chromosomes in body cell
23 chromosomes in sex cells - What is the function of the spindle?
- It helps move the chromosomes apart during mitosis
- What is cytokinesis and when does it occur?
- Cytokinesis occurs after telophase and it is when two daughter cells result from a single cell
- What is meiosis?
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sex cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half(with a haploid number of chromosomes)
Becomes 4 haploid cells - What is a zygote?
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The cell produced by the fusion of an egg and a sperm
It has two copies of each chromosome - What is the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell?
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Diploid has 46 chromosomes(skin and body)
Haploid has 23 chromosomes
(sex) - What are autosomes?
- Chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex of the offspring
- Define spermatogenesis
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The process by which sperm are produced in male animals.
It produces four sperm cells that have differentiated tails - What is oogenesis?
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The process by which gametes are produced in females.
**Cytoplasm division is unequal during egg production - Who was Gregor Mendel?
- Established the principles of heredity
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Define gene and allele.
What is the minimum number of alleles that code for a particular trait? -
A GENE is the unit of a chromosome that codes for various traits.
ALLELES are variations of a gene
Traits are controlled by a minimum of 2 alleles - What is a dominant trait?
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The trait that you see. It prevents the recessive trait from appearing
Ex. RR or Rr - what is a recessive trait?
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Appears when a dominant trait is not present
Ex. rr -
What is a phenotype?
Genotype? -
Phenotype is the physical appearance of a trait
Genotype is what the allels are
Ex. You could be Rr, but you will only see the R - What does a punnit square show you?
- The PROBABLE outcome of a cross
- What is meant by the term Heterozygous? Homozygous
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Homozygous is 2 of the same alleles (TT or tt)
Heterozygous is 2 different alleles (Tt) - What is codominance?
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When 2 different dominant alleles both show up in an organism.
(AB Blood) - What is incomplete dominance? Give an example
- Cross a red flower with a white flower and end up with a pink flower