BIOLOGY Ch 32-35 Vocabulary
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- vertebra
- one of the 33 bones in the spinal column (backbone), individual segments that make up a backbone
- agnathan
- the earliest fishes that had niether jaws nor paired fins
- acanthadian
- spiny fish, have strong jaws with jagged, bony edges that serve as teeth, internal skeletons made of cartilage
- cartilage
- lightweight, strong, flexible, tissue
- terrestrial
- animals that live on land
- thecodont
- an extinct group of crocodile-like reptiles
- Pangaea
- the earth's landmasses were joined in a single supercontinent
- ectothermic
- animals whose metabolism is too slow to produce enough heat to warm their bodies
- endothermic
- animals that maintain a high, constant body temperature by producing heat internally
- therapsid
- an extinct order of animals that were most likely endotherms
- gill filament
- gills are made up of these, fingerlike projections through which gases enter and leave the blood
- gill slit
- water is pushed out through here, this opening is located in the rear of the cheek cavity
- countercurrent flow
- water passes over the gills in one direction as blood flows in the opposite direction through capillaries in the gills
- nephron
- tubelike units that regulate the body's salt and water balance and remove metabolic wastes from the body
- lateral line
- a sensory system that extends along each side of a bony fish's body
- operculum
- a hard plate that covers the gills on either side of the head
- swim bladder
- a special gas sac that allows fish to regulate their buoyancy
- teleost
- the most advanced of the rayfinned bony fish
- lung
- an internal, baglike respiratory organ that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged between the air and the bloodstream
- pulmonary vein
- carry oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body
- septum
- a dividing wall that seperate the amphbian's atrium into right and left halves
- amniotic egg
- contains both a water supply and a food supply to help a developing reptile
- oviparous
- young hatch from eggs
- ovoviviparous
- the female retains the eggs within her body until shortly before hatching or the eggs hatch within the female's body
- carapace
- dorsal part of a turtle's shell
- plastron
- the ventral side of a turtle's shell
- contour feather
- cover the bird's body and give adult birds their shape
- preen gland
- secretes oil
- down feather
- cover the body of young birds and are found beneath the contour feathers of adults
- hair
- a filament composed mainly of dead cells filled with the protein keratin
- mammory gland
- located on the female's chest or abdomen that produce a nutrient-rich energy sourse called milk
- weaning
- the time when the mother stops feeding her child
- placenta
- an organ that allows the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood to the fetus
- gestation period
- the period of time between fertilization and birth
- ungulate
- mammals with hooves
- cud
- partly digested food
- alveolus
- found inside the lungs of mammals, small, grape-shaped chambers