This site is 100% ad supported. Please add an exception to adblock for this site.

Unit 9: Body Systems

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
dendrites
recieves info from other neurons
schwann cells
make myelin
myelin sheath
insulates axon, allows impulse to travel faster
axon
conducts impulse
nucleus
controls neuron
nodes of ranvier
gaps of exposed axon impulses jumps node to node
axom terminals
nerve impulse leaves from here
Resting Potential
-, sodium channels are closed, potassium channels are open
action potential
+, sodium channels are open, potassium channels are closed
threshold
the minimum level of stimulus to achieve neurons impulse
sensory neurons
carry impulses from sensory organs to brain/spinal cord
motor neurons
carry impuses from muscles/glands to brain/spinal cord
interneurons
connect sensory/motor neurons, and transmit impulses
Synapse/neurotransmission
vesciles holding neurotransmitters bind to cell membrane, Nts diffuse across CM into synaptic cleft, NTs bind to receptor proteins/pass on signal, NTs are released and go back thru transporters, wait for process to repeat itself.
Neurotransmitters
messenger molecules
Nervous system
controls/coordinates fncts thruout the body, responds to in/external stimuli
endocrine system
made of glands that release products into bloodstream to deliver messages to the body
homeostasis
maintaining a steady internal environment
hormones
cheminals that relay messages and affect activites in a certain part of the body
target cells
cells that havve receptors for a specific hormone
how is the endocrine system controlled?
feedback mechanism,
complementary hormone action
hormones having opposite effects
3 glands
ovaries (release eggs/estrogen), testis (store sperm/testosterone), pituitary (regulate endocrine system and growth)
Excretory system
removes waste from body
renal arteries
bring blood from heart to kidney
renal veins
bring blood from kidney to heart
kidneys
filter waste out of blood
ureters
drainage tubes connecting kidney to bladder
bladder
stores liquid waste
urethra
opening for urine
kidney units
nephron, bowman\'s capsule (glomerulus)
Path of excretory waste
arteries, renal arteries, uteters, bladder, urethra
digestive system
change food thru chemical/mechanical action, into sources the body can use
tongue
moves food around
salivary glands
secrete liquid/enzyme (analase) to convert starch to sugars
esophagus
connects mouth to stomach
stomach
stores food while enzymes breake down macromolecules, uses mech/chem digestion
pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes, releases sodium bicarbonate (pH)and regulates blood/glucose levels
small intestine
nutrient absorbtion
large intestine
aka colon, absorbs excess water, holds waste
anus
opening for solid waste
liver
produces bile for fat digestion
Gall Bladder
stores bile
duodenum
1st 10-12 inches of small intestine, most digestion/nutrient absorbtion occurs
appendix
no human fnct, fat digestion
rectum
stores waste
villi
line small intestine
Respiratory system
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood, air, and tissues
control of respiratory system?
medulla oblongata
epiglottis
skin, covers larynx, blocks food
inhalation
chest cavity is low pressure
exhalation
chest cavity is hi pressure
pathway of food
mouth/tongue/salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, deodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
pathway of air
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, aveoli
capillaries
wrap around aveoli, oxygen diffuses into blood vessels
pathway of blood through heart
superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulminary arteries,lungs, pulminary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body
nonspecific defense
general barrier, skin, mucus, sweat
body\'s most important defense
skin
specific defenses
cells that target specific pathogens
inflammatory response
body produces white blood cells to fight infection
immune response
antigens trigger the release of specific defenses
Central nercous system
brain/spinal cord
Cerebrum
big wrinkly, voluntary actions (learning, judgement)
cerebellum
small wrinkly, balance/coordination
brain stem
connects brain/spinal cord, pons/medulla oblongata regulate flow of info in/out of brain, heart rate, breathing, blood pressure.
thalumus
relay sensory info to correct part of brain
hypothalamus
controls feeling of hunger, thirst, anger, nervous/endocrine sys.
brain
relays messages, processes and analyzes info
spinal cord
communicates between body/brain
antigens vs antibodies
antigens enter the body, and trigger the release of antibodies, which destory antigens

Deck Info

70

bchrisman

permalink