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physiological pychology

Terms

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 4 LOBES OF BRAINPFTO
Parietal- integrates snesory info, determines spatial sense & navigationFrontal-controls voluntary movement of speicifed body parts (pre-gyrus comprise primary motor cortex)Temporal- involved in auditory process, semantics of speech and visionOcc
2 TYPES OF RESEARCH (A/P)
E
Q
C
applied- addressing problems
pure- how things work
3 BRAIN LAYERS (D A P)GRAY MATTERWHITE MATTER
DURA MATER- outermost; tough & flexibleARACHNOID MEMB.- middle layer; spongeyPIA MATER-clings to surface of brain, thin/delicateGRAY- caused by cell predomincanceWHTE- caused by axon myelin running under cortx

THRESHOLD OF EXCITEMEN
the value of membrane potential the must be reached to have an action potential
COMPONENTS OF PNS
Cardinal Nerves
optic- cabling in back of eye/ vagus- A.R. LURIA'S PERSPECTIVESPLIT BRAIN INTO 2 UNITS WITH ZONES
SENSORY UNIT: CONSIST OF 3 LOBES (PTO)  RECIEVE/PROCESS INFO & STORE SENSORY IMPRESSIONSMOTOR UNITS: FRONTAL LOBE/ FORMS INTENTIONS AND ORGANIZED INTO PROGRAMS OF ACTIONS, & EXECUTES PROGRAMS TOP DWN STARTS W/INTENTION 
ACTION POTENTIALRESTING POTENTIAL
BRIEF ELCT.  IMPULSES THAT PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR INFO TRANPORTING ALONG AXONMEMBRANE POTENTIAL WHEN NEURON IS NOT BEING ALTERED MY EXCITE/INHIB. POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL
AXON POTENTIAL RECEPTORS

IONO
METABO
IONOTROPIC- produce change in membrane potential by allowing entry/exit of ions
METABOTROPIC-open ion channel by
BASAL GANGLIA
group of nucleui with in brain / important for motor  system (execution of movement)
BLOOD BRAIN BARRIERAREA OF POSTREMA
barrier btwn blood and brain: if extracellular fluid is changed, transmission of info is disruptedregulated compostion of fluid by preventing things to reach brain part of brain that controls vomitting; this area b.b. barrier is weak; 
BRAIN DAMAGE EFFECTS
LURIAS ZONES
PST
motor: inabiltiy to move body part
form intention but
CELL STRUCTURES.A.D.S
S-cell body, nucleus/machinery for life proc.A- long thin, conveys info from soma 2 T.B.D- recieve info from T.B. of other neuronsS-junction btwn T.B. of axon & membrane of other neuron
CEREBRAL CORTEX3 types of CONVOLUTIONS (SFG)
surrounds cerebral hemispheres and is greatly convolutedSulci- small groovesFissure- large groovesGyri- bulges btwn  S AND F
CLINICAL CASEH.M.
had severe epilepsy, part of temporal lobe was removed, resulted in lost of seizures but lsot ability to remember new info ANTEROGRADE AMNESIAHIPPOCAMPUS
COMMUNICATION INVOLVES 2 STEPS
IST= GRADED PROCESS, INITAITION OF ACTION2ND= ALL OR NONE PROCESS CONDUCTION DOWN THE AXON ,BINARY
DIVISIONS OF PNSSASP
SOMATIC NERVOUS- volutaty movementAUTONAMTIC- body functions- maintains homeostatsis w/i bodySYMPATHETIC- fight or flight functionsPARASYMPATHTIC- state of relaxation (rest & digest)
electrostatic pressure 

concentration gradient
atompic particles w/ like charge repel, opposite attract

concentrations go from high to low
FOREBRAIN STUCTURES (2)
TELENCEPHALON
H

basal ganglia- executes movement
hippocampus-learning and memory
FOREBRAIN DIENCEPHALON2 STRUCTURESTH
THALUMUS-(RELAY STATION) all sensory (excep. smell) goes thro strucutre on the was to cortxHYPOTHALAMUS- autonomic N.S., feeding and reprod./ thermoregualtion and control pit. gland
HINDBRAIN
3 STRUCUTES
C/M/P
CEREBELLUM- coordinates movement/stores memory association
MEDULLA-mediates autonomic responses
PONS-
HYPERPOLARIZATION
DEPOLARIZATION
increase in membrane potentials
decrease in membraine potential
INERNEURON
located entirely within in CNS
INTERTITIAL CELLS
ASMO
FOUND BTWN NURONS
astrocyte transports nutirentsfrom blood to neurons/ LURIA'S MOTOR UNTITS

top down/frontal lobe
t-form intent
LURIA'S SENSORY UNIT

consist of 3 lobes: parietal/occipital/tempoal
MAMMILARY BODIES

HYPOTHALUMUS
within the limbic system; contains hypotha.

autonomic N.S, memory formation, behavior, MEMBRANE POTENTIALS
IONS- CHARGED PARTICLES (+/-)CATION: NA+/ K+(K ALWAYS MORE INSIDE CELL)ANIONS: CL-/PR-CL-/ NA+=OUTSIDECONCENTRATION GRADIENT
MIDBRAIN STURCTURES
TECTUM-superior colliculi
TEGMENTUM-inferior colliculi
S.C.-  visiual projection
MOTOR NEURON
located in CNS; controls contraction of muscle and gland secretion
MULLER


FLOURENS
M-sensory info is specified by activation of nerve fibers
F-experimental ablation-obser
MYELINATED AXONSDECRENTAL CONDUCTION
NOT CONTINU. (NODES OF RANVIER)ACTION POT. GOES AROUND MYELIN B/C MYELIN HAS NO CHARGEUNDER MYELIN/ ELECT. GRADED AND RECHARGE SIGNALS AS THEY TRAVEL DOWN AXON
NERVE VS. TRACT
BOTH ARE BUNDLE OF AXONSNERVE: OUTSIDE OF CNSTRACT:  INSIDE OF CNS
NEURON PARTS
MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM

lipid bi-layer, semi permeable
jelly like substance that supendes organelles
NUCLEUS VS. GANGLIAN
both clusters of neuron and cell body
nucleus- inside CNS
ganglain- 
NUCLEUS VS. GANGLION
BOTH ARE CLUSTER OF NEURON AND CELL BODYDIFFERENCE RELIES ON LOCATIONNUCLEUS: BRAIN & SPINAL CORDGANGLION: OUTSIDE OF CNS
OPTIC CHIASM
X shaped connection btwn nerves at base of brain
PETAS 3 R'S
REDUCE REFINE REPLACES
PHYSIOLOGY
VIEWS ON MIND VS. BODY
physical mechanism that mediates behavior and mental activity
dualism-mind & body
PHYSIOPSYCHOLOGY2 VIEWS OF MIND VS. BODY
PHYSICAL MECHANISM THAT MEDIATES HEVAIOR AND MENTAL ACTIVITYDUALSIM: MIND/BODY ARE SEPERATE BUT INTERACTINGMONSIM: MIND IS A PROPERTY  OF PHYSICAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (BODY)
POST-SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL
2 TYPES
EPSP- N.T. that increase liklihood of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS


ENZYME
nucleus has recipe for all proteint/ copy of DNA is made (mRNA)/ leaves nucleus where
RECEPTOR  ACTIVATION
N.T. DIFFUSE ACROSS THE SYNAPT. CLEF AND BIND W/POSTSYNAPT. RECEPTORS
SENSORY NEURON
sense internal and external changes and sends info to CNS
SPINAL CORD
interfaces info and reflexes, can process info
SUBARACHOID SPACECHOROID PLEXUS
fluid filled space that cushions brain, filled with  CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (csf)secretes csf
SYNAPTIC CLEF
SPACE BTWN PRE&POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
TERMINATION OF THE MESSAGE
POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS ARE DEACTIVATED BY REUPTAKE/EZYMATIC DEACTIVATION 
TRANSMITTER RELEASE
ACTIOPN POTENTIAL CAUSES CA CHANNELS TO OPEN IN TERMINAL REGIONS/ CA CAUSES REALEASE OF TRANSMITTER INTO SYNAPTIC CLEF
TYPES OF INTERACTIONS NEURONS MAKE W/E/O 3
AXO DENDRITE: CONNECTIONS TO DENDRITES,AXO SOMATIC: "   " TO SOMAAXO AXONIC:  "    " TO AXONCONNECTIPON MAKE ACTION POTENTIONAL OR NOT
TYPES OF NEURONS
M
B
U
mulitpolar- 1 axon, many dend., info travels long distance
UNILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT
damage to temporal parietal regions of rt hemisphersloss of awareness and orientation to space opposite the lesion 
WERNICKES APHASIA
1809 damage to posterior portion of left 1st temporal convolutionincoherent speechword salad