physiological pychology
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- 4 LOBES OF BRAINPFTO
- Parietal- integrates snesory info, determines spatial sense & navigationFrontal-controls voluntary movement of speicifed body parts (pre-gyrus comprise primary motor cortex)Temporal- involved in auditory process, semantics of speech and visionOcc
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2 TYPES OF RESEARCH (A/P)EQC
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applied- addressing problemspure- how things work3 BRAIN LAYERS (D A P)GRAY MATTERWHITE MATTER
- DURA MATER- outermost; tough & flexibleARACHNOID MEMB.- middle layer; spongeyPIA MATER-clings to surface of brain, thin/delicateGRAY- caused by cell predomincanceWHTE- caused by axon myelin running under cortx
THRESHOLD OF EXCITEMEN- the value of membrane potential the must be reached to have an action potential
- COMPONENTS OF PNS
Cardinal Nervesoptic- cabling in back of eye/ vagus- A.R. LURIA'S PERSPECTIVESPLIT BRAIN INTO 2 UNITS WITH ZONES- SENSORY UNIT: CONSIST OF 3 LOBES (PTO) RECIEVE/PROCESS INFO & STORE SENSORY IMPRESSIONSMOTOR UNITS: FRONTAL LOBE/ FORMS INTENTIONS AND ORGANIZED INTO PROGRAMS OF ACTIONS, & EXECUTES PROGRAMS TOP DWN STARTS W/INTENTION
- ACTION POTENTIALRESTING POTENTIAL
- BRIEF ELCT. IMPULSES THAT PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR INFO TRANPORTING ALONG AXONMEMBRANE POTENTIAL WHEN NEURON IS NOT BEING ALTERED MY EXCITE/INHIB. POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL
- AXON POTENTIAL RECEPTORS
IONOMETABO- IONOTROPIC- produce change in membrane potential by allowing entry/exit of ions
METABOTROPIC-open ion channel by- BASAL GANGLIA
- group of nucleui with in brain / important for motor system (execution of movement)
- BLOOD BRAIN BARRIERAREA OF POSTREMA
- barrier btwn blood and brain: if extracellular fluid is changed, transmission of info is disruptedregulated compostion of fluid by preventing things to reach brain part of brain that controls vomitting; this area b.b. barrier is weak;
- BRAIN DAMAGE EFFECTS
LURIAS ZONESPST- motor: inabiltiy to move body part
form intention but- CELL STRUCTURES.A.D.S
- S-cell body, nucleus/machinery for life proc.A- long thin, conveys info from soma 2 T.B.D- recieve info from T.B. of other neuronsS-junction btwn T.B. of axon & membrane of other neuron
- CEREBRAL CORTEX3 types of CONVOLUTIONS (SFG)
- surrounds cerebral hemispheres and is greatly convolutedSulci- small groovesFissure- large groovesGyri- bulges btwn S AND F
- CLINICAL CASEH.M.
- had severe epilepsy, part of temporal lobe was removed, resulted in lost of seizures but lsot ability to remember new info ANTEROGRADE AMNESIAHIPPOCAMPUS
- COMMUNICATION INVOLVES 2 STEPS
- IST= GRADED PROCESS, INITAITION OF ACTION2ND= ALL OR NONE PROCESS CONDUCTION DOWN THE AXON ,BINARY
- DIVISIONS OF PNSSASP
- SOMATIC NERVOUS- volutaty movementAUTONAMTIC- body functions- maintains homeostatsis w/i bodySYMPATHETIC- fight or flight functionsPARASYMPATHTIC- state of relaxation (rest & digest)
- electrostatic pressure
concentration gradient- atompic particles w/ like charge repel, opposite attract
concentrations go from high to low- FOREBRAIN STUCTURES (2)
TELENCEPHALONBH- basal ganglia- executes movement
hippocampus-learning and memory- FOREBRAIN DIENCEPHALON2 STRUCTURESTH
- THALUMUS-(RELAY STATION) all sensory (excep. smell) goes thro strucutre on the was to cortxHYPOTHALAMUS- autonomic N.S., feeding and reprod./ thermoregualtion and control pit. gland
- HINDBRAIN
3 STRUCUTESC/M/P- CEREBELLUM- coordinates movement/stores memory association
MEDULLA-mediates autonomic responsesPONS-- HYPERPOLARIZATION
DEPOLARIZATION- increase in membrane potentials
decrease in membraine potential- INERNEURON
- located entirely within in CNS
- INTERTITIAL CELLS
ASMOFOUND BTWN NURONS- astrocyte transports nutirentsfrom blood to neurons/ LURIA'S MOTOR UNTITS
- top down/frontal lobe
t-form intent- LURIA'S SENSORY UNIT
- consist of 3 lobes: parietal/occipital/tempoal
- MAMMILARY BODIES
HYPOTHALUMUS- within the limbic system; contains hypotha.
autonomic N.S, memory formation, behavior, MEMBRANE POTENTIALS- IONS- CHARGED PARTICLES (+/-)CATION: NA+/ K+(K ALWAYS MORE INSIDE CELL)ANIONS: CL-/PR-CL-/ NA+=OUTSIDECONCENTRATION GRADIENT
- MIDBRAIN STURCTURES
TECTUM-superior colliculiTEGMENTUM-inferior colliculi- S.C.- visiual projection
MOTOR NEURON- located in CNS; controls contraction of muscle and gland secretion
- MULLER
FLOURENSM-sensory info is specified by activation of nerve fibersF-experimental ablation-obser- MYELINATED AXONSDECRENTAL CONDUCTION
- NOT CONTINU. (NODES OF RANVIER)ACTION POT. GOES AROUND MYELIN B/C MYELIN HAS NO CHARGEUNDER MYELIN/ ELECT. GRADED AND RECHARGE SIGNALS AS THEY TRAVEL DOWN AXON
- NERVE VS. TRACT
- BOTH ARE BUNDLE OF AXONSNERVE: OUTSIDE OF CNSTRACT: INSIDE OF CNS
- NEURON PARTS
MEMBRANECYTOPLASM- lipid bi-layer, semi permeable
jelly like substance that supendes organelles- NUCLEUS VS. GANGLIAN
- both clusters of neuron and cell body
nucleus- inside CNSganglain- - NUCLEUS VS. GANGLION
- BOTH ARE CLUSTER OF NEURON AND CELL BODYDIFFERENCE RELIES ON LOCATIONNUCLEUS: BRAIN & SPINAL CORDGANGLION: OUTSIDE OF CNS
- OPTIC CHIASM
- X shaped connection btwn nerves at base of brain
- PETAS 3 R'S
- REDUCE REFINE REPLACES
- PHYSIOLOGY
VIEWS ON MIND VS. BODY- physical mechanism that mediates behavior and mental activity
dualism-mind & body- PHYSIOPSYCHOLOGY2 VIEWS OF MIND VS. BODY
- PHYSICAL MECHANISM THAT MEDIATES HEVAIOR AND MENTAL ACTIVITYDUALSIM: MIND/BODY ARE SEPERATE BUT INTERACTINGMONSIM: MIND IS A PROPERTY OF PHYSICAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (BODY)
- POST-SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL
2 TYPES- EPSP- N.T. that increase liklihood of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
ENZYME- nucleus has recipe for all proteint/ copy of DNA is made (mRNA)/ leaves nucleus where
- RECEPTOR ACTIVATION
- N.T. DIFFUSE ACROSS THE SYNAPT. CLEF AND BIND W/POSTSYNAPT. RECEPTORS
- SENSORY NEURON
- sense internal and external changes and sends info to CNS
- SPINAL CORD
- interfaces info and reflexes, can process info
- SUBARACHOID SPACECHOROID PLEXUS
- fluid filled space that cushions brain, filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (csf)secretes csf
- SYNAPTIC CLEF
- SPACE BTWN PRE&POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
- TERMINATION OF THE MESSAGE
- POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS ARE DEACTIVATED BY REUPTAKE/EZYMATIC DEACTIVATION
- TRANSMITTER RELEASE
- ACTIOPN POTENTIAL CAUSES CA CHANNELS TO OPEN IN TERMINAL REGIONS/ CA CAUSES REALEASE OF TRANSMITTER INTO SYNAPTIC CLEF
- TYPES OF INTERACTIONS NEURONS MAKE W/E/O 3
- AXO DENDRITE: CONNECTIONS TO DENDRITES,AXO SOMATIC: " " TO SOMAAXO AXONIC: " " TO AXONCONNECTIPON MAKE ACTION POTENTIONAL OR NOT
- TYPES OF NEURONS
MBU- mulitpolar- 1 axon, many dend., info travels long distance
- UNILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT
- damage to temporal parietal regions of rt hemisphersloss of awareness and orientation to space opposite the lesion
- WERNICKES APHASIA
- 1809 damage to posterior portion of left 1st temporal convolutionincoherent speechword salad