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Med Terms-Muscular System

Terms

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fibrous conn. tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles
Fascia
connects bone to muscle
Tendon
flat fibrous conn. tissue, similar to tendon but can also attach to tissues
Aponeurosis
Approx. how many muscles in human body and what percent of body weight do they make up?
600, 40-45%
TISSUE: striated, voluntary
Skeletal
TISSUE: a.k.a. myocardial muscle, striated, involuntary
Cardiac
TISSUE: unstriated, involuntary, walls of internal organs, control fluid flow, can be referred to as visceral muscle
Smooth
study of muscular activity or movement
Kinesiology
muscles working opposite to each other and change shape
Antagonistic
tightens and become shorter and thicker, belly enlarges
Contraction
longer and thinner, belly isn't enlarged
Relaxation
(tonus) normal state of balanced muscle tension
Muscle Tone
stimulation of a muscle by a motor nerve impulse, contracts
Muscle Innervation
when Nervous and Muscular Systems interact
Neuromuscular
change of joint position produced by muscle movement
Range of Motion (ROM)
moving away from midline
Abduction
moving towards midline
Adduction
rotating arm so palm of hand is upward
Supination
rotating arm so palm of hand is downward
Pronation
decreasing the angle between two bones, bending a limb at a joint
Flexion
increasing the angle between two bones, straightening a limb
Extension
going beyond the normal limit
Hyperextension
raising a body part
Elevator or levator
lowering a body part
Depression
circular movement around an axis
Rotation
circular movement of a limb at the far end
Circumduction
bends the foot upward at the ankle
Dorsiflexion
bends the foot downward, pertaining to sole of foot
Plantar flexion
flexor
Action
lateralis, medialis, external
Location
oblique, transvere, rectus, sphincter
Fiber direction
maximus, minimus
Size
Biceps, Triceps...
Number of Divisions
2 points of attachment
Origin and Insertion
imflammation of the covering of the muscle
Faciitis
tenodynia or pain in the tendon
Tenalgia
inflammation of tendon due to overuse
Tendonitis
abnormal band of fibrous tissue
Adhesion
weakness and wasting away of muscles
Atrophy
degeneration of muscle tissue
Myolysis
rupture of muscle
Myorrhexis
inflammation of muscle tissue
Myositis
chronic progressive diesease
polymyositis
protrusion of a part through the tissues
Hernia
protrusion of a muscle thru its fascia
myocele (cele-hernia)
w/o tone
Atonic
abnormal tone
Dystonia
excessive tone w/ increased resistence of muscle to passive stretching
Hypertonia
excessive tone w/ decreased resistence of muscle
Hypotonia
delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction
Myotonia
inability to coord. muscles to carry out a vol. movement
Ataxia
partial ataxia, abnormal, diff. in controling
Dystaxia
abnormal shortening of muscle tissue; resistant to stretch
Contracture
complex of symp. caused by poor circ. and may indicate larger circ. problems
Intermittent claudication
sudden, violent invol. contraction
Spasm
wryneck, stiff neck due to contrac. pulling head to the side
Spasmodic torticollis
slowness in movement
bradykinesia
impairment of movement (vol.)
Dyskinesia
overdrive, extra fast movement
Hyperkinesia
decreased motor activity
Hypokinesia

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