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Hemolytic Anemias: Extracorpuscular Defects and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinu

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
Describe the important characteristics of Macrophage

-Long lived cells

-Capable of presenting antigens to T-Cells 

-The first cells to attack microbial invaders

-Activated by IFN-g 

-Secrete a variety of cytokines

Study of location, places, human environmental
interaction, movement and reason

Geography

Ancient Greek polis that had the greatest sculptors, architects and fleets of rams.    

Athens

Apostles like Peter and Paul spread the message of mercy and hope based on his death and resurrection.

Jesus Christ

Appeals to the Senate for help were ignored by everyone except Jedi Knights

Padma Amindala (Starwars)

Churchmen and nobles tied to each other by oaths of  loyalty and duties of service and protection

Lords and Vassals

Classical philosophy of Renaissance thinkers that emphasizes that “man is the measure of all things”

Humanism

Collections of conquered foreign states or countries ruled by a single person.

Empire

Comic and tragic entertainments began as festivals in honor of Dionysus

Stage Plays

Dictator whom Senators murdered to keep him from making himself King and Cleopatra Queen

Julius Caesar

Document that nobles forced King John to sign to limit his powers and safeguard their liberties

Magna Carta

English Renaissance poet and playwright who created characters like Macbeth and Hamlet

Shakespeare

German monk whose published criticisms of church practices like indulgence sparked a revolution 

Luther

His Frankish empire was the most civilized society in Western Europe during this time

Charlemagne

Holy wars that created new tastes in Europe for Asian luxuries and the trade to supply them

Crusades

Italian artist, scientist, engineer and inventor who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci

People who dig up and unlock the mysteries of the past

Archaeologists

People’s practical and applied arts and sciences by which they make the things they need and want.     

Technology

Sculptor of the Pieta and painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo

The rugged landscape of Greece contributed to the development of these small separate countries

City-State

This Greek word for dictators today means rules who abuse the rights and liberties of their people

Tyrants

Voyages from Spain unexpectedly led to the European discovery  and colonization of the Americas

Christopher Columbus

Where Norman French knights won the crown of England for William the Conqueror from Harold Godwinson

Hastings

Ancient Greek polis that trained the toughest and most fanatical soldiers 

Sparta

Ancient Italian civilization that greatly influenced the early development of Roman ways   

Etruscans

Beautifully proportioned temple on Acropolis which is considered one of history’s most nearly perfect buildings

Parthenon

His soldiers spread Greek ways as far as Egypt and India During the Hellenistic times            &n

Alexander

Site of shrine and hometown of the Prophet, where Muslims make pilgrimage to each year.

Mecca (Makkah)

The Arab merchant turned Prophet known as the messenger of Allah

Muhammad

These sailors, shipbuilders, purple dyers and founders of Carthage were the greatest traders in the Ancient Mediterranean Sea

Phoenicians

Values, traditions, habits and skills a group of people share

Culture

あいだ
While
あける
open
あしあがる
honorific form of eating
あるく
歩く
いちわ
one bird (wa is bird counter)
うる
To sell
うれる
To be sold
おく
put, let someone stay in one's house
おくる
送る
おわる
end
おんがえし
repayment
かえす
返す
かかる
Be caught in
からだ
くるしむ
Suffer
こえ
voice
こまる
be in trouble
さびしい
Lonely
しばらく
for a while
すこし
少し
すごす

spend time

(sabashikusugosu=live a lonely life) 

すっかり
completely
そと
そら
たのむ
ask, request
つくる
作る
つる
crane
でる
出る
door
なく
cry, sing
にがす
set free
ぬの
Cloth
のぞく
Peek
はた
loom
びっくりする
be surprised
ふゆ
まえ
みち
みつける
find
むかし
old days, once upon a time
むこう
other side
むすめ
young woman, daughter
やせる
To lose weight
よる
よろこぶ
be glad/delighted
わたし
わな
trap
心のやさしい
kind hearted
(2) verb forms

transitive - needs a object - She Bought_____ (what?)

intransitive - doesn't need an object - she ate. 

2 possible part of a sentence

clause  - has subject and finite verb - can stand alone

phrases - doesnt have a subject or finite verb

    prepositional phrases - before, after, with 

2 types of clauses

independent - could be a sentence of their own - joined with coordinating conjunctions

    coordinating conjunctions - and, or, but, so, yet 

 

dependent - paired with sentence - joined with subordinating conj

2 types of verbs

finite

nonfinite 

2 ways to approach  

instrumental - usinglangauge symbols to convience someone of your ideas

 

constitutive - different sterotypes - alters definition langauge and symbols - shaping world views 

3 Greek Philosophers
  1. Socrates
  2. Plato
  3. Aristotle
3 parts of rhetorical siltation

1. exegence

2. audience

3. constraints

    3.1 - rhetoric has control over

    3.2 - audience mood and attitude 

3 types of nonfinite verbs

1. infinint -to_____ EX. to ski, to run

 2. participlus - adding ing becomes adj

3. gerunds - adding ing becomes noun 

6 x 10
60
6 x 11
66
6 x 12
72
6 x 1
6
6 x 2
12
6 x 3
18
6 x 4
24
6 x 5
30
6 x 6
36
6 x 7
42
6 x 8
48
6 x 9
54
7 charastics of rhetoric

1. public

2. purposeful

3. pragmatic

4. propositional

5. problem solving

6. poetic

7. powerful 

7 x 10
70
7 x 11
77
7 x 12
84
7 x 1
7
7 x 2
14
7 x 3
21
7 x 4
28
7 x 5
35
7 x 6
42
7 x 7
49
7 x 8
56
7 x 9
63

Who wrote the Gargantua and Pantagruel
French Monk - Rabelais
Bio-Sensor
  • Osaka University and Toyo Links
  • technical demonstration of the development of met
Don't Touch Me
  • Kleiser/Walczak
  • One of the first pieces to use motion capture
Growth Series
  • Algorithmic Art
  • Yoichiro Kawaguchi
  • Mutations
    • William Latham
    • interest in Darwinian theory
    • Stanley and Stella; Breaking the Ice
      • by Symbolics Graphics andWhitney Demo Productions
      • illustrates one of the first us
      The Little Death
      • by Matt Elson of Symbolics
      • a visual poem created for HDTV that uses behavioral an
      vol Libre 
      • Loren Carpenter
      • computer-animated flight over a completely synthetic landscape
      Turner Whitted
      • senior researcher in Microsoft Research's hardware devices and graphics groups
      • Sony Pictures Animation

        preproduction phase of the film produced by Imageworks

        first two films, Open Seasonand “Surfs Up!

        Kleiser Walczack

        Jeff Kleiser and Diana Walczak founded Kleiser-Walczak in 1987 in the garage of their
        A-frame home underneath the Hollywood sign. After producing 12 minutes of high-end
        computer-generated animation for the acclaimed PBS series The A

        1994 Lion King - Disney
        CGI team generated 3-Dimensional representations of the wildebeest on the computer.  Once the digitized computer version existed, the camera could be placed anywhere - making it possible for different camera angles during the s

         

         

          

            é

      1993

      Originally Jurassic Park was going to be made with animatronics

      52 shots that incorporated CG dinosaurs. Dinosaurs were often animated using stop-motion armatures rigged with roll, pitch, and yaw sensors for e

      1995 Homer 3D - PDI/Dreamworks

      series of mouth shapes were modeled to correspond to Homer's basic expressions as they appeared on the "model sheet" a

          お

      はたを織る

      weave 


      泊める

      put someone up

      とぶ 

      飛ぶ

      Rhythm and Hues

      made the first Coca-Cola Polar Bears commercials, and such films and Babe and Cats and Dogs.

      1995, the studio won an Academy Award for Best Vis

      During the counter-formation, a place in Italy where the Pope's Council of Bishops met to clarify doctrine and reform church practice.

      Trent

      Which Immunoglobulins can activate the Complement System?

      What complement activation pathway is this? 

      • IgM Pentamers
      • IgG


      This is the classical activation pathway. Duh. 
      Klasky/Csupo

      With the 1999's The Rugrats Movie, Klasky-Csupo, Inc became the first non-Disney studio to break the $100 million domestic box-office mark with an animated feature film. This was followed by the 2000 successful Rugrats in Paris, a

      Pixar

      May 1991, Pixar entered into the Feature Film Agreement with Walt Disney Pictures for the development and production of up to three computer animated feature films to be marketed and distributed by Disney. It was pursuant to the Feature Film Agreement

      1970's - 1980's

      basic rendering techniques are developed microcomputertechnology is introduced
      standard microcomputer configuration - 8 bit CPU, nographic co-processors,

      Ancient Iranian empire that once ruled the entire Middle East
      Persia
      Took over the powers of the senate and made himself the first emperor
      Octavian
      A Jewish prophet Moses and Kings David & Solomon are among the most ancient heroes of this country.
      Israel
      Absolute rules of ancient Egypt who were worshipped as Gods 

      Pharaohs

      Ancient Egyptian pictographic writing
      Hieroglyphics
      Anybody for buys and sells goods for a living

      Merchant

      Archimedes, Pythagoras, and Ptolemy contributed to these fields
      Mathematics & Astronomy 
      Athletic tournaments that began as festivals in honor of Zeus
      Olympics
      Became capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
      Constantinople
      Belief in many Gods     
      Polytheism
      Belief in only one God
      Monotheism
      Caste system of clergy, nobles, commons and peasants that gave order to life during this time. 
      Feudalism
      Code of rules of behavior medieval knights were expected to follow

      Chivalry

      Craftsman’s unions
      Guilds 
      Dominated life in Western Europe during the Medieval Period
      Roman Catholic
      Earliest sea-faring Greeks of Crete

      Minoans

      Epidemic that killed one out of every three Europeans
      Bubonic Plague
      French teenager during he Hundred Year’s War who was buried by the English for witchcraft
      Joan of Arc
      German pioneer in letterpress printing
      Gutenberg
      Great lawgiver of old Babylonian empire
      Hammurabi
      Group of people who live and work together

      Society

      Harassment, injury and even murder of hated minorities
      Persecution
      High taxes, inflation, corrupt emperors

      Decline of Roman Empire

      Includes all groups whose protests of Catholic teaching and practice led to their break with Rome

      Protestant

      Latin word for representative democracy

      Republic

      Makes life in Egypt possible
      Nile River
      Massive monuments that were raised to honor and protect early Egyptian rulers forever

      Pyramids

      Massive stepped brick temples of ancient Mesopotamia
      Ziggurants
      Material the Romans invented and used in their buildings

      Concrete

      Mesopotamian wedge-shaped writing
      Cuneiform
      Old Testament of the bible talks about the story of this culture.
      Hebrews
      Poorer working class Romans

      Plebeians

      Process that dried and preserved the bodies of the dead in preparation for the after life 
      Mummification
      Religion that exploded out of Arabia and quickly spread elsewhere
      Islam
      Romans who kept classical ways alive in East for nearly 1,000 years after the fall of the West 
      Byzantines
      Self-sufficient farming communities which grew-up around castles
      Manors
      Skilled craftsman

      Artisan

      Socrates, Plato and Aristotle contributed to this field
      Philosophy
      Study of how people earn a living

      Economics

      Study of power and government

      Politics

      The adoption of one people of the ways of another

      Cultural borrowing

      The first organized written body or code of Roman Law
      Twelve Tables
      The world’s earliest civilization
      Sumer
      This is the Euphrates River are where Mesopotamian civilizations began.
      Tigris & Euphrates River
      Time when Rome’s legions kept peace throughout the providences
      Pax Romana
      Tribes like Vandals and Goths, who invaded and sacked Rome

      Germans

      Type of government by a few aristocrats
      Oligarchy
      Type of government by Kings and Queens
      Monarchy
      Type of government by the people
      Democracy
      Wealthy, upper class Romans

      Patricians

      Where the Assyrian and Babylonian empires were located

      Fertile Crescent

         faire
          fait
        devoir
           dû
        pouvoir
           pu
        vouloir
         voulu
         ê
          eté
         avoir
          eu
         boire
           bu
          lire
           tu
          voir
           vu
      Andre and Wally B
      • Lucasfilms  and  John Lasseter
      • piece demos motion blur and is the first recognized CG character animation

      Genesis Effect for Star Trek II
      • Lucasfilm
      • computations by Loren Carpenter (Vol Libre (fractals flight simulation))
      • first commercial application for ILM
      • First on-screen use of particle rendering to achieve the fiery effects
      Money for Nothing by Dire Straits
      • First music video to use 3D animation. A line from this song "I want my MTV", set the stage for a an advertising campaign that would last for years
      The Abyss
      • James Cameron, ILM
      • utilizations of the developing computer "morph" technique, which seamlessly blends or meld one image into another
      • first 3d morph
      • First movie to require photo-realistic imagery
      The Last Starfighter
      • Digital Productions
      • first film to employ computer-generated spaceships with over 30 minutes of CGI
      • almost caused the demise of the budding CGI industry
      • starships looked like cartoons - too new and shiny <
      Your Face - Bill Plympton
      • first animator to draw every frame for an animated feature film entirely by himself

      Locomotion
      • by PDI
      • First example of squash and stretch in 3D.
      Brilliance
      • Abel and Associates
      • In-house software,raytracing, texture mapping, refractions, r
      Jim Blinn
      • created voyager 2 space probe for NASA
      John Whitney
      • Arabesque
      • linked musical composition with experimental film and computer imaging
      •  
      The "TEAPOT"
      • Rendering algorithm developed by Martin Newell at the University of Utah
      • test texture mapping algo
      1991 Terminator II - ILM - director James Cameron

      A technique called morphing was used to blend from the computer model to actor Robert Patrick.

       cueFlash.com/ 90\'s animation

      Animation in the 1990's

      era of Followers used the technology and advanced the medium

       

      Blue Sky

      to pioneer creatively superior photo-realistic, high-resolution, computer generated characters animation for feature film, television and entertainment industries.

      Boss Studios (1984 - 1998)

      combined a variety of special effects techniques - traditional and digital - into a sequence instead of just using the latest in technology. The goal of the studio was to use w

      Digital Domain (1993 - )

      "While our plan is to build the business by beginning with high-resolution special effects for films, TV commercials, and theme park simulation rides, we're ready to branch into digitally-based content as networks and markets develop"

      ILM - Industrial Light and Magic
      include the main T-1000 in Terminator, Death Becomes Her, and of course, in 1994, Jurassic Park. This was followed by Forest Gump (compositing), Mission Impossible, Twister, Mighty Joe Young (hair), Dragon Heart, Men in Black and ending the 1990s with The
      PDI/Dreamworks

      DreamWorks Animation SKG is devoted to producing high-quality family entertainment through the use of computer-generated (CG) animation. With world-class creative talent and technological capabilities, our goal is to release two CG anim

      1993 MOXY the Real-time Actor - Cartoon Network

      Moxy was television's first full body and fully expressive CGI motion capture performance character. Moxy was 3D animated dog that hosted the Cartoon Network in 1992

      using motion-capture technology. 

      Agora
      Open air market of the Greeks
      Amen Re
      Egyptian sun god
      Aqueducts
      Used to bring fresh water to Rome from the mountains.
      Aristocracy
      Government ruled by a small group of upper class nobles.
      Aristophanes
      Wrote comedies
      Cuneiform
      Sumerian writing system
      Dictator
      Has complete control over the government, army and citizens.
      Dynasty
      Series of rulers from the same family
      El Greco
      Famous Spanish painter during the Renaissance
      Et tu Brute

      You too Brutus

      Caesar's quote during his assination 

      Fertile Crescent
      Area from the Nile River Valley to the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley.
      Feudal System
      Based on control of the land.
      Feudalism
      Political system in the Middle Ages
      Hannibal
      General from Carthage who crossed the Alps with elephants and an army.
      Hieroglyphics
      Ancient Egyptian writing system
      Immortals
      Best fighters in the Persian army because their numbers never fell below 10,000.
      Islam's founder
      Muhammad
      Joan of Arc
      Helped France defeat England in the 100 Year War.
      Johann Gutenbert
      Invented the printing press.
      Legions
      Divisions of the Roman army.
      Magna Carta

      Took away some power of the English king and gave more power to the nobles.

       

      Signed by King John of Runnymede 

      Manors
      Middle age farming communities
      Michelangelo Buonarroti  
      Painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted the Pieta
      Michelangelo
      Painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling
      Miguel de Cervantes
      Wrote Don Quixote
      Monarchy
      Type of government ruled by a king or queen.
      Monotheism
      Belief in one god
      Monotheistic religions
      Islam, Judaism and Christianity
      Nomads
      people who move from place to place in search of food.
      Octavian (Caesar Augustus)
      First Roman emperor
      Odysseus
      Greek hero of the Trojan war.
      Orator
      A public speaker
      Page
      Knights in Training
      Patricians
      Upper class Roman citizens
      Pax Romana
      The "Peace of Rome" that lasted 200 years
      Polis
      City-State
      Polytheism
      Belief in many gods
      Punic Wars

      Three wars of Carthage vs Rome
      Romanesque
      Style of architecture that uses the rounded arch developed by the Romans
      Romulus and Remus
      Twin brothers who fought to rule Rome
      Shadoof
      Used for irrigation in ancient Egypt
      Squire
      Knights in Training
      Sumerian contributions to modern society
      1. The wheel
      2. The plow
      3. The sailboat
      4. 12 month calendar
      5. Number system based on 60
      6. Water clock
      Technology
      is the tools and skills to use them
      The Gift of the Nile
      Egypt
      The poet Virgil
      Wrote The Aeneid
      The Twelve Tables
      Rome's first laws
      Tithe
      10% donation to the church
      Who Framed Roger Rabbit
      • directed by Robert Zemeckis
      • Last hurrah's of optical effects
      • revolutionary in the world of compositing and an interesting case study of contract negotiations to
      Willow
      • directed by Ron Howard, Effects, ILM
      • first film to use 2D digital morphing and it helped spark the industry's interested in digital filmmaking. Each of the shots in the morphing sequence were shot separately using pupp
      Young Sherlock Holmes
      • ILM
      • first film to feature a computer-generated character
      • first to use a laser recorder instead of CRT output. Laser-disks looked like big shiny old LP records. Very expensive
      Ziggurat
      Sumerian temple and center of each city-state.
      A government where people vote for the leaders
      Republic or Democracy
      a man whose wife has died
      widower
      a person who holds an important position in the community
      pillar
      a person's beliefs about life and the world
      philosophy
      Aburrida
      Boring
      Activa
      Active
      Adjectives
      describes nouns
      adverb
      describes a verb or an adjective
      agarran
      they grab
      ahora
      now
      Algeria
      Algiers
      alli
      there
      Allow force someone to do something

      食べる=>食べさる

      書く=>書かせる 

      alto
      tall
      Animal
      Ziggy
      Anti-communists
      Those strongly opposed to communist ideas.
      Anti-socialists

      Those strongly opposed to socialist ideas.

       

       

      Antipatica
      unfriendly
      applying to all members of a group
      universal
      aqui en la escuela
      here in the school
      Arbitration System 
      Courts or tribunals for settlements of industrial disputes.
      Arbol
      Tree
      Architecture that represens a pointed arch
      Gothic
      Arena used for gladiator fights
      The Colosseum
      articles
      the , a, an, this, his, her
      assuage
      To make (something burdensome or painful) less intense or severe. Synonyms: appease, alleviate, relieve, palliate, pacify Usage: Food, however, became scarce, and I often spent the whole day searching in vain for a few acorns to assuage the pangs of hu
      bajo
      short
      Basquitbol
      Basketball
      Bebe
      Baby
      Beisbol
      Baseball
      besmirch
      Charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone; smear so as to make dirty or stained. Synonyms: asperse, calumniate, defame, slander, denigrate, sully, smear Usage: He denied everything the tabloids wrote about
      bucolic
      DEFINITION: (adjective) Of or characteristic of the countryside or its people; rustic. SYNONYMS: rustic, arcadian, pastoral. USAGE: The illustrations in the book depicted pleasant, bucolic scenes with farmers happily toiling in the fields.
      busca
      he/she looks for
      cabeza
      head
      calle
      street
      cama
      bed
      Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
      Constantinople
      carrefour -
      A junction where one street or road crosses another. Synonyms: crossroad, crossway, intersection, crossing Usage: When his jalopy broke down right in the middle of a busy carrefour, he swore he would invest in a more reliable car. aegis - Protection.
      Carros
      Cars
      Castles were built for
      1. Protection
      2. Safety
      3. Strength of the Nobles
      Causes of the Fall of Rome
      1. Inflation
      2. Military corruption
      3. Lack of interest in politics
      4. Invasion by Germanic tribes and Huns
      Causing fear or dread; having qualities that discourage an attack
      Melancholy
      Changed the religion of Egypt with his wife Nefertiti
      Amenhotep IV
      Christopher Columbus discovered ? in 1492?
      Bahamas for Spain
      Ciclismo
      Bike
      class of verbs

      linking - forms of to be

      sensory - she felt, she seems 

      clergyman
      parson
      coat
      abrigo
      comer future
      yo comeré
      tú comerás
      él/usted comerá
      nosotros comeremos
      vosotros comeréis
      ellos/ustedes comerán
      comer imperfect
      yo comía
      tú comías
      él/usted comía
      nosotros comíamos
      vosotros comíais
      ellos/ustedes comían
      comer preterite
      yo comí
      tú comiste
      él/usted comió
      nosotros comimos
      vosotros comisteis
      ellos/ustedes comieron
      Communism
      An economic system in which, in theory, wealth is shared equally and the means of production, distribution and exchange are "commonly owned".
      Complex sentences
      one independent caluse but 2 or more dependent clauses
      compound complex sentence
      2 or more dependent clauses and at least one independent clauses
      compound sentences
      2 of more clauses ALL INDEPENDENT
      con su
      with his/her/their
      Conmigo
      With me
      Conquered territory as far east as India
      Alexander the Great
      Contigo
      With you
      Contributions of the Greeks to modern society
      1. Olympics
      2. Tragedy writing
      3. Theater
      4. Scientific method
      5. Medicine
      convolution -
      The shape of something rotating rapidly Synonyms: swirl, vortex, whirl Usage: It seemed as though her entire world was moving in a large convolution until she steadied herself and overcame her dizziness.
      cosas
      things
      Country Party
      A conservative party which emerged in the early 1920's based on support from rural voters.
      Created the world's first constitution and democracy
      The Greeks
      Created the world's first empire in Mesopotamia
      Sargon I
      Crusades contributions
      1. Increase in trade
      2. End of feudalism
      3. Increased learning
      4. Increased trade routes
      Culture  
      • Values
      • Traditions
      • Habits
      • Skills

         Of a people
      da una vuelta
      he/she turns around
      dabajo
      underneath
      Defeated the Muslims in the Battle of the Tours
      Charles the Hammer
      Define: Lectin
      Lectins are a class of proteins that bind to sugas and induce agglutination.
      Define: Wu-Kabat Plot
      A quantitative measure for the variability of aligned sequence data. Allows identification of constant and variable gene sequences
      Deportes
      sports
      Describe important characteristics of Natural Killer Cells
      • Kill a variety of targets including tumor cells, virus infected cells, bacteria, and fungi
      • Two difference approaches to killing
        • Perforin
        • FasL-Fas system
      • Produce IFN-g which activates macrop
      Describe important characteristics of the T-Cell Receptors

      The T-Cell receptor is usually a alpha-beta heterodimer.

      Alpha and beta chains have variable and constant regions

      TCR variable regions are assembled from multiple segments

       

      Describe MHC Class II Antigen Presentation

      Exogenous proteins are consumed as a phagosome and attached to the MHC-II protein and dsiplayed on the cell surface

      When APC's are activated they express the co-stimulatory  B7 protein. T-cells need to see both peptide/M

      Describe the general pathway involved in activation of the Complement System.
      The convertase C3 will be generated and converted to its active C3b form through proteolysis. C3b is required to activation C5, which in turn recruits C6-C9 to form a membrane attack complex; which can punch a whole in a cell membrane res
      Describe the important characteristics of MHC Class II proteins 

      Humans have three polymorphic molecules: HLA-DP, -DQ, and -DR.

      MHC Class II expression is only found on professional antigen presenting cells

      All MHC II proteins have same 3D structure 

      Binds to CD4

      Describe the important characteristics of Neutrophils

      - Short lived cells

      -Unlike macrophages cannot present antigens

      -Receptors that bind bacteria stimulate phagocytosis

      -70% of White Blood Cells are neutrophils 

      Describe the important characteristics of the T-Cell subset  TH2 cells
      The cytokines produced by TH2 cells are more inluential on the adaptive immune response and is better at helping B-cells. 
      Describe the important characteristics of the T-Cell subset TH1 cells

      Produce cytokines that make it ideal for defense against viral or bacterial attak.

       Produces  IFNg which activates macrophages

      Describe the major characteristics of MHC I proteins

      There are three classes of MHC I proteins (HLA-A, B, & C)

      Everybody expresses 6 proteins (3 from each parent)

      MHC I proteins are polymorphic so there are many different forms of each with unique aa sequences.

      All MHC I proteins ha

      Describe the order Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement takes place in

      First D-J arrangement occurs and then V to D-J rearrangement takes place. Once a viable Heavy chain protein is produce, heavy rearrangement stops. As a result only 1 heavy chain allele is es expressed on any B-cell. The heavy chain protein is

      Describe the proces of T-Cell Activation
      Following recognition of MHC bound antigen, a naive T-Cell will begin to release IL-2. T-Cell's contain IL-2 receptors so they are able to recognize their own signal, this causes the T-Cell to proliferate in the activ
      Describe the process of Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity
      IgG mediates ADCC by binding to antigens on the surface of target cells. Monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells all have Fc receptors that IgG can interact with to activate the effector cell to lyse the target cell. 
      Describe the process of Immediate Hypersensitivity
      IgE binds to antigens or allergens; and then binds to the Fc-epsilon-R receptor on Mast Cells causing them to release their basophil granules filled with histamin
      Describe the process of Mucosal Immunity
      IgM and to a lesser extent IgA are able to gain access to mucosal secretions by binding to poly Ig receptor on the epithelial surface that binds only to multimeric Ig isotypes. The multimers are pulled th
      Describe the process of Opsonization
      Macrophages have Fc-gamma-R receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. IgG's Fab portion can bind and coat an invader, and the Fc portion of IgG will inter
      Describe the process of Antigen presentation by MHC Class I proteins
      Proteaseomes cut damaged proteins into peptides, some of which are picked up by the TAP1 and TAP2 transporters that carry the peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum where they get chosen to be put MHC I groove. Once an M
      despacio
      slowly
      Developed a process called smelting to make iron weapons.
      Hittites
      Developed the first written Code of Laws
      Hammurabi
      Developed the new fighting formation called a phlanx
      Phillip of Macedonia
      dice que
      he/she/it says that
      Different parts of an Ig protein can be distinguished following enzymatic digestion. What are they?

      Fab (the upper V) these fragments bind to antigens

      Fc (the bottom stem)

      dificil
      difficult
      Dinosaurio
      Dinosaur
      Dire Strait’s music video, Money for Nothin was important for 2 reasons. Name them.
      First music video to use 3D animation. A line from this song "I want my MTV", set the stage for a an advertising campaign that would last for years.
      djinni
      In Muslim legend, a spirit often capable of assuming human or animal form and exercising supernatural influence over people. Synonyms: genie, jinnee, jinni Usage: The djinni offered to grant Aladdin three wishes.
      Do   Verb   for someone
      「て-form」あげる
      Done to preserve bodies
      Embalming
      duermen
      they sleep
      Early settlers of Italy
      1. Etruscans
      2. Latins
      3. Greeks
      Egypt
      Cairo
      Egyptian contributions to modern societ
      1. Papyrus
      2. Number system based on 10
      3. Fractions
      4. Geometry
      5. Medical specialists
      6. Sewing cuts
      7. Setting broken bones
      8. Treating diseases with natural remedies
      Egyptian River God
      Hopi
      El aleman
      German
      El almuerzo
      Lunch
      El espanol
      Spanish
      El Ingles
      English
      El Pelo
      Hair
      Elefante
      Elephant
      enfrente da la ventana
      in front of the window
      entre
      between
      entre la revista y el lapiz
      between the magazine and the pencil
      escuchan
      they listen
      esta encima de
      it is on top of
      exacerbate
      Make worse. Synonyms: aggravate, worsen, exasperate Usage: This drug aggravates the pain
      Exposure to danger, loss, or injury
      Ominous
      extrovertida
      outgoing
      Famous Greek mathematicians
      1. Pythagoras
      2. Archimedes
      3. Euclid
      Famous Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
      Homer
      Famous Persian religious leader
      Zoroaster
      Famous Persian War Battles
      1. Marathon
      2. Salamis
      3. Thermopylae
      4. Platea
      Famous writers of tragedies
      1. Sophocles
      2. Euripides
      3. Aeschylus
      farrago -
      An assortment or a medley; a conglomeration. Synonyms: hodgepodge, omnium-gatherum, melange, mingle-mangle, mishmash, oddments, odds and ends, ragbag Usage: She eyed the farrago of newspaper clippings, stale coffee mugs, and chewed-on pencils strewn ar
      Father of History
      Herodotus
      Father of Medicine
      Hippocrates
      Feminist
      A supporter of the view that women should have the same rights as men.
      ff
      ffd
      finite verbs
      must be in a sentence - congicated - doing something
      First Bronze age civilization
      Minoans
      First European to sail southern Africa?
      Bartholomew
      First female ruler of Egypt
      Hatshepsut
      First group to develop a civilization in Mesopotamia
      Sumerians
      First King of France
      Clovis
      First monotheistic culture
      Jews
      First-Past-the-Post Voting
      A voting system in which no preferences are given or counted.
      Flores
      Flowers
      Food and other necessary supplies
      Jeopardy
      Foreshadowing evil or disaster
      Audacity
      Formed guilds to ensure fair treatent
      1. Merchants
      2. Artisans
      3. Workers
      Four Types of Ancient Architecture
      1. Doric
      2. Ionic
      3. Gothic
      4. Corinthian
      four types of sentences

      simple

      compund

      complex

      compound complex 

      front1  
      asdf
      Futbol
      Soccer
      Futbol Americano
      Football
      Germanic tribes overran the Roman Empire and ...
      caused its fall.
      getting something by being nice or gentle
      coaxing
      God of the Underworld in Ancient Egypt
      Osiris
      Great Mesopotamian traders.
      Phoenicians
      Greatest thinker of the Renaissance
      Leonardo Da Vinci
      Greek city-states never united because...?
      Mountainous country
      hablan
      they talk
      hacia
      toward
      How is immunoglobulin diversity achieve?
      Immunoglobulin genes are rearranged in the B cells. Diversity comes from the existence of multiple variable segment genes, different combinations of gene segments and different combinations of Heavy and Light chains.
      Humanist scholars belieed in
      The potential of man to achieve.
      Ig Domains are formed by what?
      Beta-sheets
      Iguana
      Iguana
      impede
      Be a hindrance or obstacle to. Synonyms: hinder Usage: She is impeding the progress of our project
      imperative form
      「Verb stem form」なさい
      Inevitable occurence
      と-conditional
      Inteligente
      Intelligent
      Invaded and took over Egypt
      Hyksos
      ir future
      yo iré
      tú irás
      él/usted irá
      nosotros iremos
      vosotros iréis
      ellos/ustedes irán
      ir imperfect
      yo tendré
      tú tendrás
      él/usted tendrá
      ir preterite
      yo fui
      tú fuiste
      él/usted fue
      nosotros fuimos
      John Lasseter made Andre and Wally B in 1983. When he did this people asked him what software he was using to get characters that appeared so “real”.  What was he using?
      12 principles of animation
      jointer
      DEFINITION: (noun) A long carpenter's plane used to shape the edges of boards so they will fit together. SYNONYMS: long plane, jointer plane, jointing plane. USAGE: Eschewing electrical tools, the carpenter used a manual jointer to fit the two boards toge
      Joven
      Young
      Kenya
      Nairobi
      Key to translating hieroglyphics
      Rosetta Stone
      King who helped to create a Reformed Church to free England from control of the Pope
      Henry VIII
      Knight's title
      Sir
      La Biologia
      Biology
      la boca
      the mouth
      la cara
      the face
      la hora de clase
      the time(period) for class
      la manana
      the morning
      La quimica
      Chemistry
      lachrymator - -
      - A gas that makes the eyes fill with tears but does not damage them; used in dispersing crowds. Synonyms: teargas Usage: When the demonstration turned violent, the police used a potent lachrymator to disperse the mob.
      Largo
      long
      Las Ciencias
      Science
      Las Matematicas
      Mathematics
      le pregunta
      he/she asks him/her
      le responde
      he/she answers him/her
      les gusta mucho
      they like it alot
      libelous
      DEFINITION: (adj.) Harmful and often untrue; tending to discredit or malign. SYNONYMS: calumnious, defamatory, denigrating, libellous, slanderous. USAGE: The article, being libelous, had to be returned as impossible; and I had to renounce my dream of drag
      libros aburridos
      boring books
      like so, e.g. jump happily etc.
      そうに。。。
      Liking to be with other people; friendly
      Provisions
      Lived in Modern day France
      The Franks
      looks    Adj  
      「Adj. Stem Form]そう
      los sabados
      on Saturdays
      Lower class Roman citizens
      Plebians
      Lowest class of people that were tied to the land
      Serfs
      Lunes
      Monday
      magnanimity
      - The quality of being magnanimous. Synonyms: munificence, openhandedness, largess, largesse Usage: Never was there such a state for magnanimity as Rom
      manana
      tomorrow
      Martes
      Tuesday
      Mayor
      older
      Medieval Popes ordered Christian knights to make pilgrimages to this place to free the Holy Land from Muslim Turks
      Israel
      Menor
      Younger
      mesa
      table
      mirar
      to look at
      miscellanea
      Miscellaneous items or written works collected together. Synonyms: assortment, miscellany, mixed bag, motley, potpourri, salmagundi, smorgasbord, variety, mixture Usage: The office was littered with papers, files, and assorted miscellanea.
      mnemonic -
      A device, such as a formula or rhyme, used as an aid in remembering. Synonyms: aide-memoire Usage: The students came up with a mnemonic to help themselves remember the colors of the rainbow.
      mollify
      To calm in temper or feeling; to lessen in intensity. Synonyms: appease, conciliate, pacify, placate, soothe, temper Usage: She was so outraged that nothing her friends said could mollify her anger.
      Most famous English playwright
      William Shakespeare
      Most important person in Egyptian society
      Pharaoh
      motionless in amazement
      transfixed
      Name the 3 professional antigen presenting cells
      1. Macrophages
      2. Dendritic Cells
      3. Activated B Cells
      Name the two major functions of the Complement system?
      1. Destruction of invaders
      2. Signaling of immune cells
      Name the two major types of Phagocytic Cells
      1. Macrophages
      2. Neutrophils
      Name two important ways that B-Cell Receptors differ from T-Cell receptors

      Each TRC chain has only a single C-region, whereas the BCR's have multiple C-regions

      BCR's recognize intact antigens, while TCR's recognize process antigens presented in the MHC of other cells 

      Nationalist Party
      A conservative party formed when W.M. Hughes and his supporters left the ALP and merged with the Liberal Party.
      Negro
      Black
      no les da
      he/she does not give them
      no lo encuentra
      he/she does not find it
      no longer alive
      deceased
      no sabe donde esta
      he/she does not know where it is
      nonfinite verbs
      not doing something
      Noun Style passages
      dominated by  - supresses action - uses prepositional phrases - not clear
      Nouns and 4 types

      nouns - person place thing, idea

      1. proper - he she they

      2. proper - name cities bands

      3. common - flowers, rock, bed

      4. abstract - love, shame, independence, equality 

      nuestras camas
      our beds
      of very small size; tiny
      diminutive
      one to whom secrets are told
      confidant
      Order of training of workers in the Renaissance
      • Master Craftsman

      • Apprentices

      • Journemen
      orejas
      ears
      Osiris's wife
      Isis
      Oso
      Bear
      Other ancient civilizations that developed
      Indus and Huang He River Valley
      otro(a)s
      other
      Painted the Mona Lisa, Last Supper
      Leonardo Da Vinci
      Pandemic
      A large scale outbreak of a contagious disease.
      panorama -
      An unbroken view of an entire surrounding area; a comprehensive presentation. Synonyms: vista, prospect, survey Usage: Although the book was advertised as a panorama of American literature, it only includes descriptions of a few major authors.
      Parataxis

      aberviated - keeps everything on the same level uses independent clauses

      EX i came. i saw. i concored 

      parry -
      To deflect or ward off a thrust or blow. Synonyms: deflect, block, dodge Usage: To parry his move, I inched my knight closer to his king.
      Pass through something
      perdido
      lost
      Perro
      Dog
      Persona
      Person
      phyotaxis

      fills in blanks and then some - makes on ranking system using grammer. usescomplex and compound complex sentences and uses dependent clauses

      EX. When i came, i saw them and then i counqued. 

      pillowcase
      funda
      pirogue
      - A canoe made from a hollowed tree trunk. Synonyms: dugout canoe, dugout Usage: Then I'll take you some night in the pirogue when the moon shines.
      Pixar
      • Loren became Chief Scientist
      • Tin Toy won an Academy Award for best animated short in 1989
      Polite, Well Mannered
      Educado
      por fin
      at last
      Preferential Voting
      A voting system in which the votes for an unsuccessful candidate or party can be used to help another candidate or party.
      Primary and secondary verbs

      「Verb stem form」 ながら

      Protected the rights of plebieans in the Roman Senate
      Tribunes
      Receiving pleasure from hurting others
      Precocious
      recoge
      he/she picks up
      redolence
      - A pleasingly sweet olfactory property. Synonyms: bouquet, fragrance, sweetness Usage: The moonlight and the redolence of flowers made the garden a romantic spot.
      Renaissance last in Europe through what years?
      1300-1600
      Repatriation
      The process of returning of soldiers to their country and re-establishing them in civilian life. 
      Replaced bronze as the most important metal.
      Iron
      Revolution
      The violent overthrow of an existing government, or any radical change.
      Rhetoric 
      the art of using speach to presuade people
      rhetorical situation means (7 things)

      1. rhetorical discourse is a response to a situation

      2. a rhetorical situation is given rhetorical sigfinificance by a situation

      3. rhetorical situation must exist as a nessessary condition to discourse

      4. many questions go un answere

      rhythmic flow
      cadence
      rico(a)s
      rich
      rincon
      corner
      Rome was founded on what river?
      Tiber River
      RSSILA
      Returned Soldiers and Sailors Imperial League of Australia (this was later changed to RSL).
      Rude

      Mal Educado, Sin Educacíon, De Poca Educacíon

      Rude boldness
      Formidable
      Rules Sumerian city-states
      Priest-kings
      Sad or gloomy
      Sadistic
      sale
      he/she leaves
      Sectarianism / Sectarian Bitterness
      A violent dislike and intolerance of people with different religious beliefs.
      sheepcote
      - A pen for sheep. Synonyms: fold, sheep pen, sheepfold Usage: It was the second time in a month that a predator had managed to tear through the sheepcote's wire.
      Showing ability or skill at an earlier age than is normal
      Eclectic
      silla
      chair
      Simpatica
      Friendly
      simple sentences
      one subject or finite verb
      sin
      without
      Socialism

      A communal or public ownership or control of enterprises to bring about greater equality.

       

       

      Soldier-Settler
      A returned soldier who was given land and loans to assist him to become a small farmer.
      Somalia
      Mogadishu
      someone who writes funny material
      humorist
      son
      the are(descrption)
      Sony Pictures Imageworks
      The ChubbChubbs!,” as well as nominations for “The Chronicles of Narnia; The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe”, “Spider-Man,” “Hollow Man,” &acir
      Sordo
      Deaf
      speaking parts of a play or story
      dialogue
      Stages of rhetorical criticism

      1. describe what do i see? what is this thing made of? what are its part?

      2. Interpret what does it do? how does it work? 

      3. evaluate how well does it do it? is it good or bad, beautiful or ugly, likeable or objectionabl

      state the opposite of
      contradict
      Strike-Breakers
      Non-union labour used to do the work of striking unionists.
      Strongest army in Greece
      Sparta
      Strongest Persian king
      Darius
      success, especially in money matters
      prosperity
      Sudan
      Khartoum
      Take It Easy
      Cuídate
      Talkies
      The first movies with soundtracks.
      tambien
      also
      tarboosh -
      A brimless, usually red felt cap with a silk tassel, worn by some Middle Eastern Muslim men, either by itself or as the base of a turban. Synonyms: fez Usage: He purchased a tarboosh at a charming shop in Turkey, thinking it the perfect souvenir from
      Tener
      to have
      tener future
      yo tendré
      tú tendrás
      él/usted tendrá
      tener imperfect
      yo tenía
      tú tenías
      él/usted tenía
      nosotros teníamos
      vosotros teníais
      ellos/ustedes tenían
      tener preterite  
      yo tuve
      tú tuviste
      él/usted tuvo
      nosotros tuvimos
      Tenis
      Tennis
      The Apostle Paul
      Did the most to spread the message of Jesus
      The language of Rome
      Latin
      The Last Starfighter. Who made it? Why was it technically significant? What was wrong with the look of the spaceships?

      Digital Productions, first film to employ computer-generated spaceships with over 30 minutes of CGI. lacking motion blur. The movement was too crisp and unnatural.
      the mallet used by a judge
      gavel
      The most popular event in a tournament?
      Joust
      The year the Roman Empire ended
      476 AD
      There are lots of students at St. Paul's
      には
      tied to a post or fence
      tethered
      To Behave
      Portarse
      To Carry, To Bear, To Wear
      Portar
      to print material to be sold to the public
      publish
      todas partes
      everywhere
      todos los estudiantes
      all the students
      Tomb for a pharaoh
      Pyramid
      Tonta
      Silly, Foolish
      Tortuga
      Turtle
      Trabajador
      Hard-working
      trying to win love or affection
      courting
      Tunisia
      Tunis
      Two well known order of Monks in the Middle Ages
      Franciscans and Dominicans
      Uvas
      Grapes
      va a hablar con
      he/she goes to talk with
      ve
      he/she sees
      Venir
      To come
      Verb Style Passages
      dominated by dynamic verbs - hilights the action - very clear
      verb tense
      past present and future
      Verde
      Green
      viven
      they live
      Volibol
      Volleyball
      What are the differences between the Innate Immune System and the Adaptive Immune System

      The innate immune system responds rapidly to invaders, it's recognition mechanism is invariant with a limited number of specificities and its response is constant.

      The adaptive immune system's response can take days or weeks, but its recogni
      What are the three activation pathways for the Complement System?
      1. The Classical Pathway (activated by antibody/antigen interaction)
      2. The Lectin Pathway (mannose binding protein binds to pathogen surface)
      3. The Alternative Pathway
      What are the three major members of the innate immune system?
      1. The Complement System
      2. Phagocytic Cells
      3. Natural Killer Cells
      What are the two stages B-cell development and wheredo they occur?
      1. Antigen independent development: occurs in the bone marrow
      2. Antigen dependent development occurs in the lymphoid tissue
      What are three major differences between MHC I and MHC II proteins?  

      MHC-I and MHC-II acquire peptides at different sites and from different sources.

      MHC-I is expressed by virtually every cell whereas MHC-II is only expressed by professional antigen presenting cells

      MHC-I binds to CD8; MHC-II binds to CD4&nb

      What body of water did the Greek civilization start?
      Aegean Sea
      What computer was introduced at the 1984 superbowl?
      13.    What was new and special about this computer?
      14.    Who directed the commercial?
      first combining of these key innovations into a beautifully crafted package that an ordinary consumer could pick up and use in daily life.Ridley Scott.
      What did Charlemagne stress in his empire?
      Education
      What did the Mycenaeans trade in the Mediterranean area?
      Olive oil
      What distinguishes different antibody isotypes from each other?
      The different heavy chains which determine an antibodies isotype. 
      What enzymes are necessary for immunoglobulin gene segments to join?
      The RAG1 and RAG2 exonuclease ligases
      What gene segments are Heavy Chains and Light Chains comprised of, respectively. 

      Heavy Genes: Variable + Diversity + Joining

       

      Light Chains: Variable + Diversity (Kappa or Lambda)

      What gods did the Romans adopt as their own, but with different names?
      The Greek gods
      What is responsible for signal transduction on the surface of T-Cells?
      The CD3 complex
      What is the 12-23 Rule?
      Between Variable, Diversity, and Joinin, gene segments are highly conserved sequences that seperate these genes by either 12 or 23 bps. A variable gene won't join to another variable gene because they are both preceded by 23 bp spaces. To join one seg
      What is unique about the heavy chains of IgM and IgA?
      They have tail pieces which allows IgM to form Pentamers and IgA to form dimers.
      What killed 1/3 of the population in Europe?
      Black Plague
      What myth explained the fall of the Minoan culture?
      Theseus and Minotaur
      What two major forms can Immunoglobulin molecules occur in?

      Membrane forms are found on the surface of B cells

      Secreted forms are found in plasma, interstitial fluid of tissues, etc.

      What was Luther's doctrine based on ?
      Belief in the Bible alone
      When was the Christian church reformed?
      during the Reformation
      Where are the Pyramids and Sphinx located
      Giza
      Where did knights train/
      Tournaments
      Where did the Renaissance start?
      Northern Italy
      Who completd one of the first trips to Asia by means for the oldd
      Vasco da Gama
      Who crowned Charlemagne the Holy Roman Emperor?
      The Pope
      Who defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588?
      England
      Who discovered concrete?
      The Romans
      Who formed the Lutheran church?
      Martin Luther
      Who fought in the Trojan War?
      The Greeks and the Trojans
      Who founded the Church of England
      Henry VIII
      Who Framed Roger Rabbit was a masterpiece of ______________. It uses multiple references from older cartoons. One that we looked at in class was specifically_______________.
      optical effects, Tex Avery's Red Hot Riding Hood
      Who gave a vassal his land?

      The lord
      Who led England to victory over Spain?
      Queen Elizabeth I.
      Who lived on the island of Crete?
      Minoans
      Who participated in the sport of bull leaping?
      Minoans
      Who questioned the Catholic doctrine in Germany
      Martin Luther
      Who ruled the strongest empire in 800 AD?
      Charlemagne
      Who ruled with Octavian?
      Marc Antony
      Who spread Hellenistic Culture throughout the world?
      Alexander the Great
      Who started a church in Geneva, Swiz.
      John Calvin
      Who united Lower and Upper Egypt in 3100 B.C.?
      Menes
      Who was involved politically and romantically with Cleopatra?
      Marc Antony
      Who was the most powerful family in Florence during the Renaissance?
      Medici
      Who was the most powerful person in Europe during the Middle Ages
      The Pope
      Who was the strongest force in the Middle Ages?
      The Catholic Church
      Why were the Crusades fought?
      To win the Holy Land from the Muslims
      Won control of England in the Battle of Hastings
      William of Normandy
      wouldn't it be great if...
      「Verb tara」どんないいだろう