Psych 101 Final Chpt. 12-16
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- personality
- a person\'s characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling
- self-report
- (personality testing) series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate extent that they agree with statement to describe their behavior
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
- MMPI-assesses personality and psychological problems,more than 500 statements, includes validity scales,
- projective techniques (elicit unique responses that reveal inner motives)
- Inkblot-interpret ink drawing, Thematic Apperception-making up stories about fictional people
- Trait
- relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way
- Big-Five
- conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion
- anthropomorphize
- attribute human characteristics to nonhumans
- psychodynamic approach
- personality is formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness-motives that can produce emotional disorders
- dynamic unconscious
- an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person;s deepest instincts and desires, and the persons inner struggle to control these urges
- id
- contains natural drives from birth, source of desires, wants, and sexual agression
- pleasure principle
- motivates the tendency to seek immediate gratification off impulses
- reality principle
- regulating mechanism that enables the indiviual surpress impulses bc of social norms
- ego
- part of personality that\'s developed through contact with external world, enables us to deal with life\'s practical demands
- superego
- mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority
- rationalization
- defense mechanism that involves making a reasonable explanation for unacceptable feelings and concealing their underlying motives
- defense mechanism
- unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses
- reaction formation
- defense mechanism-unconsciously replacing threatening inner wishes with exaggerated versions of their opposite (being really nice to someone you hate)
- regression
- defense mechanism-reverting back to immature behavior
- displacement
- shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative(slamming a door, throwing a book)
- identification
- defense mechanism-dealing with threats of anxiety and threat by taking on personality of agressor(growing up bullied, you bully others when older)
- sublimation
- defense mechanism-channeling unacceptable sexual/agressive desires in socially accepted activities (art, music, sports)
- psychosexual stages
- distinct early life stages which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures
- fixation
- persons sexual drive or desires get stuck in one psychosexual stage
- oral stage
- pleasure focuses on association with mouth (sucking, being fed)-lack of trust, envy, demanding
- anal stage
- pleasure/frustration associate with anus/toilet training-preoccupied with money and possessions
- phallic stage
- pleasure and desires associated with genital region(masturbation and touching self in public)
- Oedipus conflict
- childs conflicting feelings toward opposite sex parent makes them like parent of same sex more
- latency stage
- primary focus is on further development of intellectual creative interpersonal and athletic skills (after 5 years)
- genital stage
- coming together of mature adult personality with capacity to love, work, and relate to others in mutually satisfying way
- medical model
- conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases that have symptoms and possible cures
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- DSM-IV-TR, classificaction of each disease and how to distinguish it from others
- Characteristics of a Mental Disorder
- 1)disorder manifest symptoms(disturbances of behavior/thoughts) 2) symptoms associated with personal distress or impairment 3)symptom stems from internal dysfunction(biological/psychological)
- Comorbidity
- 2 or more symptoms in same individual
- diathesis-stress model
- person can be predisposed to disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
- intervention-causation fallacy
- if medicine works-its biological, if psychotherapy works-its psychological
- anxiety disorder
- mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature
- generalized anxiety disorder
- GAD-excessive worrying,with 3 or more of:restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
- phobic disorders
- marked, persistent, xcessive fear and avoidance of specific objects,activities, or situations
- specific phobia
- irrational fear of a particular object or situation
- social phobia
- irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed
- preparedness theory
- people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears
- Panic disorder
- sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contriute to a feeling of stark terror
- agoraphobia
- afraid of people and public places
- major depressive disorder
- unipolar depression, severely depressed mood that lasts 2 or more weeks/ feelings of worthlessness and lack ofpleasure, lethargy, and sleep/appetite disturbance
- dysthymia
- same cognitive and bodily problems as in depression, but last atleast 2 years
- seasonal affective disorder
- SAD-recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern
- postpartum depression
- depression after childbirth
- helplessness theory
- individuals prone to depression attribute negative experiences to internal, stable, and global (bad grade is low intelligence, will never change,ruins his career path)
- bipolar disorder
- unstable emotional condition w/ cycles of abnormal, persisten high mood and low mood
- schizophrenia
- profound disruption of basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion, disturbances in thought motivation and behavior
- delusion (schizo)
- patently false belief system, bizarre and grandoise that is maintained in spite of its irrationality
- disorganized speech (schizo)
- ideas are constantly shifting from one topic to another, not coherent
- grossly disorganized behavior (schizo)
- behavior innapropriate to situation (loud shouting or swearing)
- catatonic behavior (grossly disorganized behavior)
- decrease in all movement;frozen
- negative symptoms (schizo)
- emotional/social withdrawal, apathy, no motivation or emotion
- dopamine hypothesis
- schizo\'s have high lvls of dopamine activity
- antisocial personality disorder
- disregard for and violation of others\' rights beginning in childhood
- preconsciousness
- information is there but not used
- conscious
- information is present and used
- unconsciousness
- information is present but difficult to decipher