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Psych 101 Final Chpt. 12-16

Terms

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personality
a person\'s characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling
self-report
(personality testing) series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate extent that they agree with statement to describe their behavior
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MMPI-assesses personality and psychological problems,more than 500 statements, includes validity scales,
projective techniques (elicit unique responses that reveal inner motives)
Inkblot-interpret ink drawing, Thematic Apperception-making up stories about fictional people
Trait
relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way
Big-Five
conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion
anthropomorphize
attribute human characteristics to nonhumans
psychodynamic approach
personality is formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness-motives that can produce emotional disorders
dynamic unconscious
an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person;s deepest instincts and desires, and the persons inner struggle to control these urges
id
contains natural drives from birth, source of desires, wants, and sexual agression
pleasure principle
motivates the tendency to seek immediate gratification off impulses
reality principle
regulating mechanism that enables the indiviual surpress impulses bc of social norms
ego
part of personality that\'s developed through contact with external world, enables us to deal with life\'s practical demands
superego
mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority
rationalization
defense mechanism that involves making a reasonable explanation for unacceptable feelings and concealing their underlying motives
defense mechanism
unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses
reaction formation
defense mechanism-unconsciously replacing threatening inner wishes with exaggerated versions of their opposite (being really nice to someone you hate)
regression
defense mechanism-reverting back to immature behavior
displacement
shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative(slamming a door, throwing a book)
identification
defense mechanism-dealing with threats of anxiety and threat by taking on personality of agressor(growing up bullied, you bully others when older)
sublimation
defense mechanism-channeling unacceptable sexual/agressive desires in socially accepted activities (art, music, sports)
psychosexual stages
distinct early life stages which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures
fixation
persons sexual drive or desires get stuck in one psychosexual stage
oral stage
pleasure focuses on association with mouth (sucking, being fed)-lack of trust, envy, demanding
anal stage
pleasure/frustration associate with anus/toilet training-preoccupied with money and possessions
phallic stage
pleasure and desires associated with genital region(masturbation and touching self in public)
Oedipus conflict
childs conflicting feelings toward opposite sex parent makes them like parent of same sex more
latency stage
primary focus is on further development of intellectual creative interpersonal and athletic skills (after 5 years)
genital stage
coming together of mature adult personality with capacity to love, work, and relate to others in mutually satisfying way
medical model
conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases that have symptoms and possible cures
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DSM-IV-TR, classificaction of each disease and how to distinguish it from others
Characteristics of a Mental Disorder
1)disorder manifest symptoms(disturbances of behavior/thoughts) 2) symptoms associated with personal distress or impairment 3)symptom stems from internal dysfunction(biological/psychological)
Comorbidity
2 or more symptoms in same individual
diathesis-stress model
person can be predisposed to disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
intervention-causation fallacy
if medicine works-its biological, if psychotherapy works-its psychological
anxiety disorder
mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature
generalized anxiety disorder
GAD-excessive worrying,with 3 or more of:restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
phobic disorders
marked, persistent, xcessive fear and avoidance of specific objects,activities, or situations
specific phobia
irrational fear of a particular object or situation
social phobia
irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed
preparedness theory
people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears
Panic disorder
sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contriute to a feeling of stark terror
agoraphobia
afraid of people and public places
major depressive disorder
unipolar depression, severely depressed mood that lasts 2 or more weeks/ feelings of worthlessness and lack ofpleasure, lethargy, and sleep/appetite disturbance
dysthymia
same cognitive and bodily problems as in depression, but last atleast 2 years
seasonal affective disorder
SAD-recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern
postpartum depression
depression after childbirth
helplessness theory
individuals prone to depression attribute negative experiences to internal, stable, and global (bad grade is low intelligence, will never change,ruins his career path)
bipolar disorder
unstable emotional condition w/ cycles of abnormal, persisten high mood and low mood
schizophrenia
profound disruption of basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion, disturbances in thought motivation and behavior
delusion (schizo)
patently false belief system, bizarre and grandoise that is maintained in spite of its irrationality
disorganized speech (schizo)
ideas are constantly shifting from one topic to another, not coherent
grossly disorganized behavior (schizo)
behavior innapropriate to situation (loud shouting or swearing)
catatonic behavior (grossly disorganized behavior)
decrease in all movement;frozen
negative symptoms (schizo)
emotional/social withdrawal, apathy, no motivation or emotion
dopamine hypothesis
schizo\'s have high lvls of dopamine activity
antisocial personality disorder
disregard for and violation of others\' rights beginning in childhood
preconsciousness
information is there but not used
conscious
information is present and used
unconsciousness
information is present but difficult to decipher

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