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Ap Psych Chapters 1-5

Terms

undefined, object
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information, numbers that represent research findings
data
the happening or event
phenomenon
observation or value that represents the background level of a measurable quantity
baseline
something that can change
variable
how strongly one variable is related to another and the direction of the relationship
correlation
measure of variability; average difference between each score and the mean of the data set
standard deviation
mathemtical procedures used to draw conclusions form data and make inferences about what they mean
inferential statistics
scientist who studies animal behavior in the natural environment
ethologist
develop statistical methods for evaluating and analyzing data from psychological research
quantitative psychologists
self observation
introspection
variation in social background
sociocultural variable
specific, testable statement
hypothesis
integrated set of proportions that can be used to account for, predict, and even control certain phenomenon
theory
probability or results occurring by chance is small
statistically significant
describes strength of the correlation
correlation coefficient
numbers used to describe and present data
descriptive statistics
describes typical score in data set
measures of central tendencies
describes spread or dispersion among the scores
measures of variability
study of values and rules
ethics
study of cells and organs of the body and the physical and chemical changes involved
biological psychology
complex combination of cells that allow a person to gain information about what is going outside and inside their body
nervous system
recieving info
input
turns oxygen into glucose
mitochondria
nerve cells; rapidly respond to signals and send signal
neuron
holds neurons together, direct their growth, keep chemical envionments stable
glial cell
molecules that carry positive and negative charges
ion
impulse that travels down the axon; abrupt change in the potential of the axon
action potential
making area less negative inside
depolarize
proteins which the neurotransmitters attach themselves to
receptors
tells whether or not a neuron will fire
synaptic receptors
part of hind brain, storehouse for well rehearsed movement
cerebellum
ridges of the brain
gyri
info about skin, touch, pain, temp
parietal lobe
involved in arousal and attention
reticular formation
neurotransmitter incolved in arousal, learning and moon regulation
norepinephrine
in hind brain, control blood pressure, heart rate, breathing
medulla
control contraction of muscles
acetylcholine
memory and emotion
amydala
in forebrain, regulates hunger thirst and sexual drive
hypothalamus
loss in ability of memory capacity, severe enough to effect social functioning
dementia
neurotransmitter that helps strengthen synaptic connection b/w neurons
glutamate
controls voluntary movement
somatic nervous system
neurotransmitter that regulates movement and alertness
dopamine
nerves that connect the left and right hemispheres
corpus callosum
neurotransmitter that produces pain reliefs, euphoria, and sleep
endorphins
recieves info from more than one sense
association cortex
problem where cells of the body's immune system attack normal body cells
autoimmune disorder
contains glands, secretes hormones
endocrine system
fluid filled spiral structure where auditory transduction occurs
cochlea
difference between peak and baseline
amplitude
number of waves that pass by a given point every second
frequency
part of cerebral cortex that receives info about a particular sense
primary cortex
how high or low a tone is
pitch
loudness
intensity
bundle of axons that carry stimuli to the brain
auditory nerve
lens focuses the light rays on
retina
nerve cells that code light energy into neural activity
photoreceptor
chemicals in photoreceptors that respond to light
photopigment
region in center of the retina, mostly cones
fovea
family of colors, colors
hue
bundle of nerves composed to axons that carry visual info to the brain
optic nerve
ability to see details
acuity
where optic nerve fibers cross to the opposite side of the brain
optic chiasm
near sightedness
myopia
tells you where parts of your body are with respect to one another
kinesthesia
tastebuds
papillae
chemical that causes behavior in an animal
pheromones
senses that spread throughout the body (temp, touch, pain)
somatic senses
sense of balance
vestibular sense
inform brain on position of head compared to earth
otoliths
structures that modify a stimulus
accessory structures
absence of the sense of pain
analgesia

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