Lab 8 - Invertebrates II
Terms
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- Shell
- composed of calcium carbonate and proteins secreted from mantle
- Operculum (snail)
- hard disk on dorsal surface of foot acting as a lid to seal the snail within its shell
- Function of mucus produced by foot (snail)
-
1) reduce water loss
2) allow strong adhesion to substrate
3) form egg cases produced after fertilization - Tentacles (snails)
- consist of chemoreceptors used in olfaction
- Inferior tentacles
- used to detect chemicals on the ground
- Superior tentacles
- used to detect airborne chemicals
- Monotaxic
- wave of contractions extend across width of foot
- Ditaxic
- wave of contractions alternate between right and left sides
- Direct waves
- waves move in same direction of locomotion
- Retrograde waves
- waves move in opposite direction of locomotion
- Taxis
- movement in a particular direction from a stimulus
- Phototaxis
- movement relative to light
- Geotaxis
- movement relative to gravity
- Chemotaxis
- movement relative to a chemical source
- Pneumostome
- pore allowing passage of gases during respiration
- Cephalization
- sense and control organs focused at the anterior end
- Carapace
- fused dorsal shield
- Cervical groove
- divides head and thorax on crayfish
- Cephalothorax
- head and thorax regions
- Rostrum
- dorsal shield separating compound eyes
- Homologous
- similar in embryonic origin and structural relationships but may differ in appearance
- Serial homology
- similar structures in different segments perhaps having different functions
- Antennules
- filaments for touch, taste and equilibrium
- Antennae
- filaments for touch and taste
- Statocysts
- balancing organs at the base of antennules
- Nephridiopore
- excretory pore at the base of antennae
- Mandibles
- jaws for crushing and chewing food
- Maxillae
- handle food and deliver it to the mandibles
- Gill bailer
- covers the opening to the gill chamber and keeps water flowing forward over the gills; located on the posterior maxilla
- Maxillipeds
- touch, taste, and food handling
- Cheliped
- first walking leg; defense, food capture and handling
- 2nd walking leg
- walking and grasping
- 3rd walking leg
- walking and grasping; female genital pore at base
- 4th walking leg
- walking; between 4th and 5th: seminal receptacle where mate's sperm is stored
- 5th walking leg
- walking; male genital pore at base
- 1st swimmeret (male)
- transfer sperm to female
- 1st swimmeret (female)
- no function
- 2nd swimmeret (male)
- transfer sperm to female; water circulation
- 2nd swimmeret (female)
- carry eggs; water circulation
- 3rd swimmeret (male)
- water circulation
- 3rd swimmeret (female)
- water circulation; carry eggs
- 4th swimmeret (male)
- water circulation
- 4th swimmeret (female)
- carry eggs; water circulation
- 5th swimmeret (male)
- water circulation
- 5th swimmeret (female)
- carry eggs; water circulation
- Uropods
- 6th pair of appendages on abdomen; used for backward swimming
- Hemocoel
- blood-filled cavity
- Hemocyanin
- oxygen-carrying pigment of blood plasma; contains copper
- Digestive glands
- further enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients
- Cardiac stomach
- lined with chitinous teeth (gastric mill); food is pulverized, strained, and sorted; initial enzymatic digestion
- Pyloric stomach
- indigestible food material is separated and sent to intestine; digestable sent to digestive glands
- Intestine
- waste food materials are passed through and voided through anus
- Seminal ducts
- carry sperm from testes to genital pores
- Oviducts
- lead from ovaries to genital pores
- Statoliths
- sand grains inside statocysts used for balance and equilibrium
- Green glands
- remove unwanted substances from the blood and excrete wastes through nephridiopores
- Abdominal extensor muscles
- straighten abdominal region
- Abdominal flexor muscles
- flex or curl abdominal region