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Lab 8 - Invertebrates II

Terms

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copy deck
Shell
composed of calcium carbonate and proteins secreted from mantle
Operculum (snail)
hard disk on dorsal surface of foot acting as a lid to seal the snail within its shell
Function of mucus produced by foot (snail)
1) reduce water loss
2) allow strong adhesion to substrate
3) form egg cases produced after fertilization
Tentacles (snails)
consist of chemoreceptors used in olfaction
Inferior tentacles
used to detect chemicals on the ground
Superior tentacles
used to detect airborne chemicals
Monotaxic
wave of contractions extend across width of foot
Ditaxic
wave of contractions alternate between right and left sides
Direct waves
waves move in same direction of locomotion
Retrograde waves
waves move in opposite direction of locomotion
Taxis
movement in a particular direction from a stimulus
Phototaxis
movement relative to light
Geotaxis
movement relative to gravity
Chemotaxis
movement relative to a chemical source
Pneumostome
pore allowing passage of gases during respiration
Cephalization
sense and control organs focused at the anterior end
Carapace
fused dorsal shield
Cervical groove
divides head and thorax on crayfish
Cephalothorax
head and thorax regions
Rostrum
dorsal shield separating compound eyes
Homologous
similar in embryonic origin and structural relationships but may differ in appearance
Serial homology
similar structures in different segments perhaps having different functions
Antennules
filaments for touch, taste and equilibrium
Antennae
filaments for touch and taste
Statocysts
balancing organs at the base of antennules
Nephridiopore
excretory pore at the base of antennae
Mandibles
jaws for crushing and chewing food
Maxillae
handle food and deliver it to the mandibles
Gill bailer
covers the opening to the gill chamber and keeps water flowing forward over the gills; located on the posterior maxilla
Maxillipeds
touch, taste, and food handling
Cheliped
first walking leg; defense, food capture and handling
2nd walking leg
walking and grasping
3rd walking leg
walking and grasping; female genital pore at base
4th walking leg
walking; between 4th and 5th: seminal receptacle where mate's sperm is stored
5th walking leg
walking; male genital pore at base
1st swimmeret (male)
transfer sperm to female
1st swimmeret (female)
no function
2nd swimmeret (male)
transfer sperm to female; water circulation
2nd swimmeret (female)
carry eggs; water circulation
3rd swimmeret (male)
water circulation
3rd swimmeret (female)
water circulation; carry eggs
4th swimmeret (male)
water circulation
4th swimmeret (female)
carry eggs; water circulation
5th swimmeret (male)
water circulation
5th swimmeret (female)
carry eggs; water circulation
Uropods
6th pair of appendages on abdomen; used for backward swimming
Hemocoel
blood-filled cavity
Hemocyanin
oxygen-carrying pigment of blood plasma; contains copper
Digestive glands
further enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients
Cardiac stomach
lined with chitinous teeth (gastric mill); food is pulverized, strained, and sorted; initial enzymatic digestion
Pyloric stomach
indigestible food material is separated and sent to intestine; digestable sent to digestive glands
Intestine
waste food materials are passed through and voided through anus
Seminal ducts
carry sperm from testes to genital pores
Oviducts
lead from ovaries to genital pores
Statoliths
sand grains inside statocysts used for balance and equilibrium
Green glands
remove unwanted substances from the blood and excrete wastes through nephridiopores
Abdominal extensor muscles
straighten abdominal region
Abdominal flexor muscles
flex or curl abdominal region

Deck Info

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