Psychology 2013
Terms
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- giving priority to one's own goals over group's goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
- individualim
- giving priority to goals of one's group abd defining identity accordigly
- collectivism
- the enduring behviors, ideas, attitudes and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
- cultur
- the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
- independent variable
- the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulation
- dependent variable
- observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation
- naturalistic observation
- assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing pre existing difference between those assigned to the different groups
- random assignment
- every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
- environment
- psychology
- the science of behavior and mental processes
- an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are blind about whether the participants received the treatment or placebo
- double blind procedure
- the tendency tobelieve, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it
- hindsight bias
- the tendency to be more confident than correct - overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements
- over confidence
- most frequently occuring scores in a distribution
- mode
- the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores then dividing by number of scores
- mean
- the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distrbution
- range
- acts both as a chemical messengr that transmits nerve signals between nerve cells & causes blood vessels to narrow
- serotonin
- neurotransmitter,essential for the healthy functioning of the cenral nervous system; effects emotion, perception, movement
- dopamine
- degeneration of nerve cells that produce dopamine
- Parkinsons
- "morphine within" natural, opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control & pleasure
- endorphins
- opium and its derivatives; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain & anxiety
- opiates
- a neural impulse; brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
- action potential ions
- CNS
- brain and spinalcord
- brain's sensory switchboard, locate on top of brain stem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla
- thalamus
- directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temp), helps govern endocrine system via pituitary gland and is linked to emotion & reward
- hypothalamus
- base of brainstem, controls heart beat and breathing
- medulla
- processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
- cerebellum "little brain"
- sensory and motor neurons that connect CNS to the rest of the body
- peripheral system
- single fertilized egg
- identical twins
- part of PNS that controls the glands and muscles of internal organs
- autonomic nervous system
- parasympathetic division of ANS
- calmssssss
- sympathetic division of ANS
- arouses!
- division of PNS that controls body's skeletal muscle
- somatic
- study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
- evolutionary psychology
- complete instructions for making organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosomes
- genome
- a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
- mutation
- gender identity
- sense of being male or female
- set of expected behaviors for males or females
- gender roles
- acquisition of a traditiona masculie or feminine ole
- gender typing
- biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes; segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
- gene
- social learning theory
- we learn social behavior by observing & imitating and by being rewarded or punished
- scientific attitude
- prepares us to be smarter, critical thinking
- the neurons life support center. dendrites - branching fibers
- cell body
- axon speaks (neural impulse) and...
- dendrites listen
- sensory neurons
- collect messages from sense organs and carry to spinal cord/brain
- motor neurons
- carry messages from spinalcord to muscles/glands
- med side effects: fast heartbeat and excessive perspiration
- sympathetic nervous system