pols us govt
Terms
- federalists and anti-federalists
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supporters of the Constitution, who favored a strong central government
advocates of states’ rights who opposed the Constitution
- politics
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"who gets what, when and how" - lasswell
a process of determining how power and resources are distributed
- government
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a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people
- rules
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directives that specify how resources will be distributed or what procedures govern collective activity
- capitalist economies
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all the means that are used to produce material resources are privately owned, and decisions about production and distribution are left to indiiduals operating through the free-market process.
rely on the market
- political culture and values
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the shared values and beliefs about the nature of the political world that give people a common language in which to discuss and debate political ideas
democracy, freedom, and equality
- types of immigration
- refugees, visitors, foreign government officials, students, international representatives, temporary workers, members of foreign media, and exchange visitors, illegal imagrints
- to acquire citizenship
- the right by blood, the right by soil, or by the process of naturalization
- differences between authoritarian and democratic governments
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authoritarian: states give ultimate power to the state rather than to the people to decide how they ought to live their lives.
democracy: puts power in the hands of the people
- shay's rebellion
- a grass-roots uprising (1787) by armed Massachusetts farmers protesting foreclosures
- weaknesses of the articles of confederation
- did not provide a central govt. and without that they were unable to provide economic and political stability
- Virginia plan
- a proposal at the Constitutional Convention that congressional representation be based on population, thus favoring the large states
- separation of powers
- the institutional arrangement that assigns judicial, executive, and legislative powers to different persons or groups, thereby limiting the powers of each
- checks and balances
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the principle that allows each branch of government to exercise some form of control over the others
- factions
- groups of citizens united by some common passion or interest and opposed to the rights of other citizens or to the interests of the whole community
- federalism
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a political system in which power is divided between the central and regional units
- great compromise
- the constitutional solution to congressional representation: equal votes in the Senate, votes by population in the House
- devolution
- the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states
- dual federalism
- the federal system under which the national and state governments were responsible for separate policy areas
- cooperative federalism
- the federal system under which the national and state governments share responsibility for most domestic policy areas
- categorical grants
- federal funds provided for a specific purpose, restricted by detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance standards
- block grants
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federal funds provided for a broad purpose, unrestricted by detailed requirements and regulations
- necessary and proper clause
- constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers
- types of federal funding to states
- categorical and block grants
- supremacy clause
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constitutional declaration (Article VI) that the Constitution and laws made under its provisions are the supreme law of the land