Chapter 33 bio 2 intervertebrate part 2 !! start at Nemertea

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Phylum Nemertea: (Ribbon Worms)(Probosis Worms)(Nemertina Worms) 100 species, mostly Marine, Active swimmer, burrowers. Structurally Acoelomate. Has Rhynchocoel, Probascis, stylet.
Rhynchocoel: Mesoderm fluid filled, coelom like. Not real coelom
Probascis in Nemertea: Armed probascis (nose) called stylet
1. Probing environment
2. Defence
3. Obtain prey
Description of Nemertea: * Sensory system similar to planarians
1. Complete digestive system
2. Simple blood vascular system, meaning have vescles.
3. Closed circulatory system
4. No heart, contraction of body muscles to force blood through the vesscles.
5. RBC - With a form of hemoglobin.
Ex. Boot Lace Worm (Lineus longissmus) 110' long
Lophotrochozoa (Lophorates): Phylums: Ectoprocta, Phoronida, Brachiopoda
Lophorates - Phylum Ectoprocta (moss animals): *reef builders from exoskeleton, U shaped digestive track,
Ex. Plumatella (fresh water)
Lophorates - Phylum Phoronida (tube dwelling): U shaped digestive track, tube dwelling worms
Lophorates - Phylum Brachiopoda (lamp shells): exclusive marine, u shaped digestive track, 330 sp, 30,000 exticnt fossils, shells dorsal and ventral rather then lateral., attached by flesy stalk known as pedicle
Phylum Mollusca: -clams, oysters, octopus, muscles, scallops, squid, Nautilus. Mainly marine
Ex. Helix (snail), slug (gastropod without shell)
Mollusca Characteristics: Soft bodied, calcareous shell, some without shell. Foot for movement,visceral mass containg most of the internal organs. Mantle which is fold over visceral mass that secretes the shell.
Radula: tongue like organ that many molluscs use to scrape up food vegetation.
Phylum Mollusca characteristics: has modified radula with neuro toxin, to feed on fish

most dioecious some are monoecious
Phylum Mollusca Genus Conus: has modified radula with neuro toxin, to feed on fish
Phylum Mollusca Class Polyplacophora (chitons): 1. eight dorsal overlapping plates
2. Broad ventral foot for locomotion
3. Mantle surrounds
4. No head
Phylum Mollusca Class Polyplacophora (chitons) genus Cryptochiton: largest chiton, exclusively marine
Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda (snails) Characteristics: 1. Largest mollusca class
2. mostly marine
3. Have radula and foot
4. **ONLY group of molluscas that excibit torsion

Ex. Helix
Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda Torsion: uneven, faster growth in visceral mass resulting in a 180 degree rotation putting the anus over the head
Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia: clams, oysters, muscles, most suspension feeders,
* No radulia, no distinct head
- do not move much "sedentary"
Giant clam
Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda: Architheuthis dox(giant squid) 60ft 2 tons
Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni (colossal squid)
Phylum Annelida Characteristics 1: Eucoelmates- hydrostatic skeleton, segmentation (Metamerism) - allow for specializtion in different parts of the body, marine & fresh water, terrestrial, closed circulatory system, complete digestive system
Phylum Annelida Digestive system Characteristics: Digestive system - Pharyix leading to esophagus leading to crop leading to gizzard lead to intestine. Gizzard for griding, crop for food storage. Eat dirt and shit castings
Phylum Annelida Characteristics 2: Dorals vessels and ventral longitudal blood vessels. Between legs is septum. 5 pairs of hearts encircle the esophogus. Diffusion across skin into small vessles, each segment has paired metanephridia (kidneys), a pair of cerebal gangleons with ventral neurve cords along the fused segmental ganglions
Phylum Annelida Reproduction 1: sexual and asexual. sexual by Cross fertilizating hermaphroitic monoecious by -- cilitalum secretes a mucus concoon, runs the lenght of worm picks up sperm and eggs fertliztion takes place in concoon on ground
Phylum Annelida Reproduction 2: Asexual by fragmetation and regeneration.
Phylum Annelida Movement: Longtudinal muscles and circular muscles. Circular muscles contract make each sement thinner and longer. Longtudinal contract making each segment shorter and thicker.
Phylum Annelida Class Oligochaeta: earthworms, Lombricus terrestris, Setae - chitinous ????? aid in locomotion, exibit Typhlosole - the dorsal infolding of intestine which increases obsorbtive area
Phylum Annelida Class Polychacta: parapodia - structures used in locomotion and or resperation. Genus Neanthes (clamworm/sandworm)
Phylum Annelida Class Hirudinea: (leeches) ectoparastic, they are free living as well,
Giant Amazon Leech - Haementaria ghilianti,
European leech - Hirudo medicinalis has anticogaulate.
Few digestive enyzmes can be fed from months off one feeding. NO Setae, citellum.
Phylum Annelida Class Hirudinea anatomy: Anterior small end sucks blood,
Posterior big end
Fixed number of segments
Phylum Arthropoda charectaristics 1: Largest phylum, Jointed apendages for locomotion, feeding sensory respection, defense, reproduction, regional specialization, metamerism, chitin exoskeleton. High successfull proved by diversity, number of individuals IE ants.
Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics 2: Open circulatory system with hemolymph, sinuses surrounding organs and these are bathed in blood.
Phylum Arthropoda Respiratiory orgins: 1. Aquatic have feathery gills IE crayfish
2. Insects have tracheal system, which consist of spiracles for gas diffision and tracheae to move gas around
3. Spiders have book lungs
4. Horse Crab Limulus polyphemus "book gills"
Phylum Arthropoda Sub Phylum Chelicerata: feed appendages "chelicerae"
Phylum Arthropoda Sub Phylum Chelicerata Class Arachni: (spiders, mites, ticks and scropions) 8 legs, spiders make proteinaceous silk web by spinnerets. Spiders have Necrotizing effects - killing effects, modified chelicerae into fangs.
Phylum Arthropoda Sub Phylum Merostometa Limulus polyphemus: Limulus polyphemus (horse shoe crab) longated tail called telson
Phylum Arthropoda Sub Phylum Uniramia Class Diplopoda: millipeds, are round, worm like, herbivores, non venomous, hydrocyanide, 2 pairs of walking per segment, earlist of land animals.
Phylum Arthropoda Sub Phylum Uniramia Class Chilopoda: centipedes, flat, carnivourous, venomous, one pair of antenii, 3 pairs of apendges, each trunk segment has one pair of waling legs. Anterior trunk segment has poison claws. Ex Scolopendra gigantea
Phylum Arthropoda Sub Phylum Uniramia Class Insecta: Key to survivel flight, complete digestive system (mouth anus) tera - wings
Open Circulatory system with hemolymph. Gas exchange by trackle system. Malphigian Tubules - excretoral organ out pocketings of the gut, crop and gizzard. Reproduces sexually with internal fertilization. Cerebral ganglion meet two neurve cords, metameric ganglion
Phylum Arthropoda Sub Phylum Crustacean characteristics: Highly speciallized, 2 pair of antenae, larger have feathery gills, small have no gills diffusion of gasses across thin segments of the exoskeleton, most are diecous, decapods, sow bugs are isopods
Phylum Arthropoda Sub Phylum Crustacean: 40,000 sp, Crayfish, crabs, lobsters, barncles

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