haemophilus y bordatella
Terms
undefined, object
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- gram stain of haemophilus
-
pleomorphic gnb
many shapes/sizes - oxidase of haemophilus
- variable; not useful to id it
- 2 growth requirements of haemophilus
-
X factor - hemin; hemoglobin.
V factor - NAD
take advantage of these in a Porphryin test to id the bug - types of media grow haemophil on:
-
-Choc/horse/rabbit BA
NOT ON SHEEPS! CAUSES SATELLITISM - Why can't you use sheeps ba?
-
produces NADase
s. aureus produce NAD; the reaction causes haemophilus to spread out and it's difficult to isolate then. - how can you differentiate species of haemophil?
-
-different types of hemolysis
-different growth requirements (only X, only V, both..) - type of differential plate for species of haemophil:
-
QUAD plate
-X
-V
-X and V
-Horse BA - where is haemophilus normally found
- throat in sm amounts
- virulence factors of haemophilus flue
-
endotoxin
capsule
pili -
What are three infection types caused by H. influenzae?
What are the four resp tract infections? -
1. Respiratory
2. Meningitis
3. Conjunctivitis
Respiratory tract infections:
Sinusitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia, Epiglottitis (acute). SOPE - What are 2 infections caused by haemophilus species (not just plain influenzae)?
-
Meningitis: caused by H. influenzae B in kids <2yrs.
Conjunctivitis: pink eye caused by H. aegyptius. - how do you treat haemophilus, and what test should you do first?
-
beta-lactamase
+ = give cloramphenicol if its warrented (by a systemic infection)
- = give ampicillin - what can you prevent haemophilus flue with?
- hib vaccine for infants under 2
- where are the # other Haemophilus species found normally, and what do they cause in who?
-
7 species; these are VERY COMMON in the oral cavity.
May cause disease in immunodef patients
-bacteremia, SBE, occasionally pneumonia -
What causes Chancroid?
What symptoms are seen in this?
What is distinct on the gram stain of this species? -
-Haemophilus ducreyi
-Inguinal lymphadenopathy
Gram stain = RRtrax of gnb's. - What is chancroid?
- An STD w/ genital lesions softer than those in syphilus.
- GRAM stain of bordetella
- gnCOCCObacilli
-
what does bordatella pertussis cause?
specimen of choice? -
whooping cough
nasopharyngeal swab - 3 types of media to grow bordatella on
-
-Regan Lowe (transport)
-Bordet Gengou (mercury droplet colony morphology)
-Charcoal Agar w/ 10% horse blood + cephalexin - Environmental conditions necessary for growing Bordatella pertussis:
- 72 hrs in increased CO2; its fastidious
- 2 methods of identification of B. pertussis:
-
1. On specimen: Direct Flourescent Antibody
2. On growth:
-Floures. Antibody
-Latex agglutination - What is DFA, on what bug is it useful for identification?
-
Direct Flourescent Antibody testing on bordatella pertussis;
-label Ab w/ flourescent tag
-complex to antigen
-Look for flouresc. w/ microscope - whooping cough aka
- pertussis
- How is whooping cough transmitted?
- through droplets or direct contact
- 3 stages of pertussis
-
-catarrhal
-paroxysmal
-convalescent - What does the Catarrhal stage consist of?
-
2 wks of typical cold symptoms.
-The Most contagious stage. - Paroxysmal stage
-
2nd Pertussis stage;
-Lasts 2 weeks;
-Intensified cold symptoms;
-More serious/distinct WHOOPING/gasping cough - Convalescence Stage
-
3rd Pertussis stage;
Lasts 2 more weeks;
A Gradual relenting of symptoms/coughing. - What antibiotic is used to treat Pertussis?
- Erythromycin
- How can pertussis be prevented?
-
With the DPT (diptheroid, pertussis, bla)
only in people younger than 7 - What infection is caused by Bordatella parapertussis?
- Resp inf milder than whooping cough; no vaccine, usually just thought to be a cold
-
How does culturing Bordatella bronchiseptica compare to the other bordatella species?
What test can rapidly id it?
What 3 diseases does it causes? -
Nonfastidious, this bug grows well on BA and MAC.
Urea test -> rapidly positive!
resp tract/wound infections/pneumoniae - things we can know about VIBRIO (all three) in general:
-
oxidase positive
gnb CURVED like a COMMA
like warm seawater - XV requirements, hemolysis of H. influenzae:
-
X and V
gamma - XV requirements, hemolysis of H. hemolyticus:
-
X and V
Beta - XV requirements, hemolysis of H. parahemolyticus:
-
V only
Beta - XV requirements, hemolysis of H. parainfluenzae:
-
V only
Gamma
Lac-, Man+ - XV requirements, hemolysis of H. paraphrophilus:
-
V only
gamma
Lac + - XV requirements, hemolysis of H. segnis
-
V only
gamma
Mannose neg - - XV requirements, hemolysis of Haemophilus aphrophilus
-
X only
gamma - XV requirements, hemolysis of Haemphilus ducreyi
-
X only
Gamma or Beta