Common meds
Terms
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- Glucophage
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Metformin
Oral Antidiabetic Type 2
Biguanides
Reduces gluc production by liver, enhances insulin sensitivity of tissues & improves gluc transport into cells (can cause hypoglycemia) - Dilaudid
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Hydromorphone
Opioid agonist
Mod to Severe pain, & antitussive
Avg PO adult dose 4-8 mg q 3-4 hr - Atrovent
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Ipratropium
Anticholinergic/bronchodilator
Inhaler/Nebulizer for COPD Intranasal spray for rhinitis, cold - Glucotrol
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Sulfonylureas
Oral Antidiabetic Type 2
Increases insulin production from pancreas ( pos SE hypoglycemia & decreased effectiveness over time) - Procardia
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Nifedipine
Anti-HTN, Anti-angina, (Calcium Channel Blocker)
Inhibits calcium transport into myocardial and vasc smooth musc cells, decreasing cxt - Diazepam
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Valium-Benzodiazepine
antianxiety, anticonvulsant, sedative/hypnotic, centrally acting skeletal musc. relaxant - Avandia
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Thiazolidinedione
Oral Antidiabetic- improves insulin sensitivity, transport,& utilization at target tissues (Does NOT cause hypoglycemia) also improves lipid profiles & BP levels - Narcan
- Naloxone - Opiod Antagonist (antidote for opiods) Reversal of CNS depression from opiod OD
- Celexa
- Citalopram - SSRI antidepressant
- Rifampin
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Rifamycin - Antituberculars/ Broad spectrum antibiotic -
TX for active TB, staph., mycobact., menigitis, & prevention of H.influenzae type B - Risperdal
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Risperdone - Antipsychotic
TX for schizophrenia
-Can cause Neuro malignant sydrome (fever, resp distress, tachycardia, seizures, hypo or HTN, seizures) - Bentyl
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Dicylomine
Anticholinergic/Anti-spasmotic
Management of irritable Bowel syndrome (Crohne's)- decreases GI smooth musc. motility and tone - Levaquin
- Levofloxacin - Antibiotic
- Pantoprazole
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Protonix - Gastric acid pump Inhibitor/ antiulcer agent
TX of GERD - Dilantin
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Phentoin/Fosphenyoin - Anticonvulsant/Antiarrhythmmic
Alters ion transport, improves AV cxts, & may decrease synaptic transmission
TX of seizures (Grand mal & complex partial), and tx of arrhythmias assoc c cardiac gylcoside toxicity - also used for tx of neuralgia - Amaryl
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2nd generation Sulfonylurea-
stims release of insulin from pancreas,decreases glycongenolysis and glucogenesis (can cause wght gain and hypoglycemia) - Aricept
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Donepezil
Cholinergic / Anti-Alzheimer's
Inhibits acetlycholinesterase (enzyme that breaks down acetlycholine) which improves cholinergic function, lessens dementia - Zyprexa
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Olanzapine
Antipsychotic/ Thienobenodiazepine
TX for mainic episode of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia, and behavioral problems assoc c Alzheimer's - Aldactone
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Spironolactone - Diuretic
blocks action of aldosterone
(K+ sparing diuretic) - Tiazac
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Diltiazem ER -Antiarrhythmic/
Anti-HTN
Ca+ Channel Blocker - Furosemide
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Lasix
Loop diuretic - Zosyn
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Piperacillin /Tazobactam
Extended spectrum penicillin - Zolpidem
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Ambien
Sedative / Hypnotic - Clonidine
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Catapres
Anti-HTN / Centrally acting adrenergic - also used for cancer pain not responding to opiods. Stims. alph-adrenergic receptors in CNS which inhibit cardioacceration & vasoconstriction centers of SNS. Also prevents pain signal transmit to CNS - Xopenex
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Levalbuterol
Adrenergic / bronchodilator
Short term control of bronchospasm in reversible airway disease (inhaler, nebulizer) - Norvasc
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Amlodipine
anti-HTN/ Ca+ channel blocker
Used for HTN & Angina - Lanoxin
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Digoxin - Digitalis glycoside Antiarrhythmic/ Inotropic
Increases force of myocardial cxts & slows HR /Improves CO
Apical pulse taken for 1 min prior admin. of med If HR <60 in adult, <70 Child, or <90 infant hold med. Narrow therapeutic range 0.5-2ng/ml - What are the S/S of Digoxin toxicity?
- In adults & children: 1st s/s abdominal pain, anorexia, N/V, visual disturbances, bradycardia, arrythmias. Infants & small child 1st s/s is arrythmias.
- What is the antidote for Digoxin toxicity?
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Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind)
which binds to digoxin molecule in blood & excretes it through kidneys - Oxytocin
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Pitocin, Syntocinon
Oxytocic/Hormone - IV, Used to induce labor - Intranasal, used to promote milk letdown in lactating women - also used for fetal stress test - Cromolyn
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Intal, NasalCrom
Mast cell stabilizer/anti-asthmatic,allergy, cold & cough - prevents release of histamine, decreases freq. & intensity of allergic reaction - Neurontin
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Gabapentin
Analgesic adjunct/ anticonvulsant
Used for partial seizures w/ or w/o 2ndary generalization
Also used for neuralgia, chronic pain, & migraines - Zocor
- Simvastatin - Lipid lowering agent/ HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor - used for hypercholesterolemia & dyslipidemia
- Diltiazem
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Tiazac, Cardizem, Dilacor
Ca+ Channel Blocker
antianginal, antiarrhythmic, anti-HTN - Metronidazole
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Flagyl
anti-infective, antiprotazoal, antiulcer agent - Warfarin
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Coumadin
Anticoagulant/Coumarin
TX of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism,
atrial fib. w/ embolization, MI, prevention of thromboembolic events.
Interferes w/ hepatic synthesis of Vit. K dependent clotting factors. (Monitor PT /INR during Tx) - Lovenox
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Enoxaparin Sodium
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
Anticoagulant/Antithrombotic
Prevention of thrombi - DVT, pulmonary emboli. Prevents ischemic complications in angina & MI when used w/ aspirin - Metoclopramide
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Reglan
Antiemetic - Blocks dopamine receptors in CNS, stims motility of upper GI tract & accelerates gastric emptying.
Tx of N/V, esophageal reflux, chemoTx induced emesis, & gastric stasis. Also tx for hiccups - Lopressor
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Metoprolol
Anti-anginal, anti-HTN/ Beta-blocker. Management of HTN, prevention of MI. Blocks stim. of beta-1 adrenergic receptors, decreases HR & BP - Restoril
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Tamazepam
Sedative-hypnotic/ Benzodiazepine
Tx for insomnia
Produces generalized depression that may be mediated by GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter - Hydrea
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Hydroxyurea
Antineoplastic/Antimetabolite
Tx of head & neck CA,ovarian CA,malignant melanoma, leukemia, reduction of painful crises in sickle cell