MEds test
Terms
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- Xanax, Librium, Valium, Ativan, Serax
- Benzodiazepines
- Buspar, Atarax, Vistaril
- Anti anxiety/anxiolytics
- Prozac, Paxix, Zoloft, Celexa, Luvox
- SSRI
- Elavil, Anafranil, norpramin, sinequan, trofranil, pamelor, vivactil
- TCA's - tricyclics
- Marplan, Nardil, Parnate
- MAOIs
- Wellbutrin, Desyrel, Effexor, Serzone, Ludiomil, Remeron
- antidepressents
- lithium, tegretol, depakene, klonopin, neurontin
- Antimanias
- clozaril, risperdal,zyprexia, seroquel geodon, abilify
- atypical antipsycotics
- artane, cogentin, kemardrin, benadryl
- antiparkinson agents
- antabuse
- alcohol deterrent
- ritalin, dexedrine, cylert
- stimulants
- thorazine, mellaril, prolixin, haldol
- anti psycotics, typical
- vestra
- SNRI
- narcan
- narcotic antagonist
- Cognex, Aricept
- Alzheimers tx
- sudden, severe, pounding, occipital HA, neck stiffness, N/V sweating, up BP tachy
- Hypertensive crisis
- sore throat fever malaise, flue like symptoms, skin rashes,
- agranulocytosis
- EPS
- extrapyramidal sx,
- tremors shuffling gait, drooling, oculogyric crisis, tardive dyskinesia
- EPS
- dystonia
- involuntary muscular movements of the face, armss, legs back
- akathisia
- restlessness, an urgent need for movement, EPS with antipsychotics
- eyes roll back into head and look upward
- Occulogyric crisis
- What do you give for occulogyric crisis?
- benadryl
- What is tardive dyskinesia?
- involuntary repetitious movements or spasms of the uscles of the face, limbs and trunks
- what does tardive dyskinesia usually affect?
- mouth and tongue
- What causes TD?
- antipsycotic drugs
- Tx of TD?
- cholinergic drugs to reduce spasms
- NMS
- neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- What is NMS?
- complication of neuroleptic meds, rare, potentially fatal
- S/S of NMS?
- severe parkinsonian sx, tachy, hyperpyrexia,
- tx of NMS
- parlodel or dantrolene
- anticholinergic effects
- anti SLUD, hypotension, dry mouth, constipation, blured vision,
- What are parkinsonian sx?
- tremors, shuffling gait, drooling, rigidity
- tx for drug induced parkonsonian sx
- anticholinergics like cogenix or benadryl
- teaching for orthostatic hypotension
- rise slowly from lying position, dangle feet then stand slowly,
- teaching for photosensitiy
- limit exposure to sun, always use sunscreen and sunglasses
- CNS depressents teaching
- 7-10 days to become effective, report restlessness or spastic movements no alcohol
- which of the psychotropic drug categories are considered addictivew
- barbituates
- role of acetylcholine
- sleep arousal, pain perception, modulation, coordination of movement, memory
- Norepinephrine
- regulation of mood, cognition, perception, locomotion, cardiovascular fx, sleep and arousal
- Dopamine
- regulation of movements and coordingation, emotions, voluntary decision making, inhibits release of prolactin
- serotonin
- sleep and arousal, libido, appetite, mood, aggression
- histamine
- mediates allergic and inflammatory reactions may play a role in depressive illness
- GABA
- prevents postsynaptic excitation - feel good stuff
- tolerance
- higher doses of a drug are needed over time to elicit the same response
- priaprism
- prolonged painful penile erection, may occur as an adverse effect of some antidepressane meds, trazodone
- Retrograde ejactulation
- ejaculation of the seminal fluid backwards into the bladder, may occur as a side effect of antipsychotic med
- amenorrhea
- cessation of the menses, may be a side effect of some antipsychotic meds
- akinesia
- muscular weakness, loss of partial loss of muscle movement, EPS associated with antipsycotic meds
- Lap time
- time between ingestion of med and onset of med
- blood dyscrasias
- abnormal condition of the blood
- neurotransmitter
- chemical that is tored in the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron. electrical impulse through the neuron stimulates the release of the neurotransmitter into the
- reuptake
- reabsorption of neurotransmitter
- seizure threshold
- amount of stimulus needed to produce a convulsive seizure
- neuron
- nerve cell
- parts of neuron
- cell body axon dendtrites
- synapse
- junction between 2 neurons
- synaptic cleft
- small space between axon terminal of 1 neuron and the cell body
- what conditions are antipsychotics given?
- tx of acute and chronic psychosis, intractable hiccoughs, controlling tics and vocal utterances
- other names for antipsychotics
- psychotropics, neuroleptics, major tranquilizers
- are typical antipsychotics more helpful withthe positive or negative characteristics of schizophreniz
- positive
- What are the side effects of antipsychotics
- EPS, N/V urinary retention
- what antipsyccholtics are often given to non complicatn cts why
- halidol and proloxin deconate are injectable and last a month
- describe the action of antipsychotics as they relate to amines
- may decrease of block action of dopamine in the brain
- why are cts often non compliatent with antipsychoitcs
- side effects
- What is clozoril
- antipsychotic agent
- when is clozoril given
- tx of schizophrenia pts who are unresponsive to or intolerant of standard therapy with other antipsychotisc
- Half life of clozoril
- 8-12 hours
- does clozoril cross blood brain barriesr or placenta
- yes both
- when is clozoril contraindicated?
- hypersensitivity, bone marrow depression, lactation, severe CNs depression/coma
- When should you use clozoril cautiously
- prostatic enlarge, glaucoma, cardio/hepatic/renal disease, diabetes, serisure, not under 16
- Nsg assess on clozoril
- monitor pts mental status monitor BP pulse before and during, monitor for akathsia, and PS tardive dyskinesia
- what is haldol
- antipsychotic agent used to diminish s/s psychoses tourettes and behavior prob
- use haldol cautiously in
- geriatrics, cardiac disease, diabetes, pregnacny
- SE of haldol
- NMS, blurred vision, antislud
- Which newer antipsychotic does not produce weight gain
- abilify
- What are antiparkinsonian agents given to mental health pts
- because of EPS,
- how do antipark agents work
- reduch ACH
- PRN order for cogentin when do you give
- with eps sx
- SE of benadryl,
- sedation and seizures,
- when do you give benadryl
- HS
- SE of cogentin
- disorientation, constipation, give with lots of water do reality checks with ct
- Most common drug for mania
- lithium
- why would an antipsychotic be given during lithium lag periods
- calms the pt before lithium takes effect
- what is the relationship between lithium and salt and fluid
- lithium and salt compete for same receptor sites, if increase fluid flush lithium out
- lag period for lithium
- 1-3 weeks
- What factors raise lithium levels?
- diarrhea, diuretics, dehydration, no salt
- what factrors decrease lithium levels
- preg, incre na,
- SE of lithium
- lock of spontaneity memory loss, confusion, lethargy tremors, weight gain diff concen
- which SE lithium dis
- lack of spontaneity, mem loss, diff concent
- Which signs indicate toxicity
- weight gain and acne get worse, pruritis
- NSG intv with lithium
- give with food, make sure pt is well hydrated, pt is consistent iwth salt intake, set up exercise regien monitor for tox
- acute therapeutic range
- 0.9 - 1.2 or 1.0 -1.5
- maintenc lithium thera range
- 0-6 - 1.4 and -6 - 1.2
- how often should lithium levels be monitored
- once a month
- why is lithium dangerous
- because of the toxic levels, narrow thera range
- lithium 1.7 what nsg intervent
- check for peripheral collapse do not stop abruptly
- whenis lithium therapy contraindicated
- cardio vas or renal, brain damage, severe dehyd, na deplet
- two mood stabilizers instead of litium
- depakote, tegretol
- what are theories about how lithium works
- replaces na affects the NE and serotonin
- What are cts non compliate with lithium therap
- se and having to maintain low salt diet
- SSRI
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- How do SSRI's work
- increasing NE and serotonin available in the body by blocking reuptake
- What does MAOI stand for?
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
- How do MAOIs work
- enzyme that activate NE and serotonin release
- How long does it take for antidepressants to work
- 2-4 weeks
- what teaching needs to be done with MAOIs
- advise pt that laxatives should be used only short term, cant eat certain foods
- What is a parnate cheese factor
- any aged products such as cheese, yogurts, has a severe reaction
- can the MAOIs be given with other depressants
- no should wait 7 to 14 days after takin antidepressants before start MAOi therapy
- how do ssris differ from tricyclics
- SSRIs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, SSRIS are safer, less SEs
- Seizures are a problem associated with which antidep
- wellbutrin
- Weight loss is assocaiate with which antidep
- prozac and zoloft
- SE of antidepre categories
- sedation, ortho hypo, arrhy, photosens, weight gain or loss,
- MAOIS have what spec SE
- Hypertensive crisis
- What does SNRI stand for?
- selectered norepi reuptake inhibitor
- What are other names for the antianxiety class of drugs
- benzodiazepines and barbituates
- Major conditions for anti anxiety agents
- anxiety, insomnia seizures
- Why are benzodiazepines not a good choice for long term symptom management
- develop dependence
- SE for benzodiazepines
- daytime sedation, drowsiness, fatigue, potentiate eTOH on CNS
- NSG inter with anti anx
- monitor BP p and resp, can lead to dependence, restrict drug,
- How is Buspar different from other antianxieties
- does not cause sedation, no abuse potential, can be used longterm, does not enhance BNS depression
- Most common chemical group used in antianxiety
- benzodiazepines
- contraindicatiosn to benzodiazepines
- do no take with other CNs depressants do not take during preg or lactation, shock, coma, glaucoma
- Which is safer, benzodiazepines or barbituates?
- benzodiazepines, less addictive
- why should benzodiazepine not be discont abruptly
- can cause severe withdrawal sx
- when is librium given during alcohol withdrawal
- before sx of withdrawl occur
- what is GABA?
- neurotransmitter found throughout CNS it is inhibitory
- What effects do the antianxiety drugs have on GABA?
- benzodiazepines enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
- why is antabuse considered aversion therapy?
- because it is take by alcoholics to help them refrain from drinking
- What are dangers of antabuse?
- life threatening potential reactions marked resp depress,
- Rx Class of antabuse?
- alchohol abuse deterrent
- drugs commonly given during ECT tx
- thiopental succinylcholine
- what is thiopental
- injectable ultra short acting anesthetic that prevents conscious awareness of ECT
- What is succinylcholine
- short acting NM block, prevents shock induced convulsive movements,
- NSG consider for thiopental
- excessive sedation, possible dependence
- what drug given in narcotic overdose?
- narcan
- ritalin given to children with what disorder
- ADHD
- What type of drug is ritalin
- stimulant
- Will kids on ritalin lose weight?
- yes
- what labs should you monitor on ritalin
- CBC and platelets