Clinical Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 9
Terms
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- humoral immunity
- a type of defense immune reponse regulated by B lymphocytes. When B lymphs are activated by the presence of an antigen, they transform into plasma cells that produce antibodies against the antigen
- IgM
- immunoglobin produced after an animal has been exposed to an antigen for an extended time of when an animal is exposed to antigen for the second time
- cytotoxic T cells
- also known as 'killer cells' or 'T lymphocytes,' they attach ti antigenic cells and destroy them, but they are not damaged themselves
- anaphylaxis
- a severe, potentially life-threatening, allergic reaction
- antibodies
- proteins produces by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen
- passive immunity
- the transmission of intact, preformed antibodies from on animal to another
- interferon
- a substance produced by a cell after a virus has invaded it; prevents further development or spread of the virus
- colostrum
- the initial secretion of the mammary gland before milk is produced. Rich in nutrients and contains antibodies to the diseases the mother has been exposed to or vaccinated against
- memory cells
- after an initial immune response, lymphocytes that are programmed to remember the antigen that caused the immune response and to produce a more rapid immune reponse to that antigen the second time the body is exposed to it
- nonspecific immunity
- processes that protect an animal against anything the body recognizes as foreign. Involved inflammation, phagocytosis, and the protective barrier of the skin and mucous membranes, which prevent antigens from entering the body. The immune system is not activated
- specific immunity
- reactions of the immune system aimed at destroying specific antigens
- suppressor T cells
- lymphocytes that inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic cells by negative feedback. They also prevent B lymphocytes from transforming into plasma cells. These cells provide the means by which the immune response can be shut down
- avirulent
- lack of competence of an infectious agent to produce pathological effects
- IgE
- immunoglobin associated with allergies
- complement
- a group of inactive enzymes in plasma that can be activated to rupture the cell membrane of a foreign cell
- cell-mediated immunity
- the portion of the immune system that produces "killer" cells that directly attack foreign invaders
- active immunity
- activation of the immunue system by either administration of a vaccine that contains a modified antigen or exposure to the antigen
- IgD
- immunoglobin with unknown function
- immune system
- protects animal from anything that could cause damage or disease
- IgG
- immunoglobin produced during the first exposure to an antigen; also made by newborn animals
- IgA
- immunoglobin that can leave blood and enter tissue, where it plays an important role in preventing diseases caused by antigens that enter the body through mucosal surfaces
- helper T cells
- the most numerous of the T lymphocytes; they help the immune response by secreting substances known as lymphokines into the surrounding tissue, which increase activation of B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells