Orthopaedic terminology
Terms
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- Acute
- having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course
- Analgelsic
- substance to reduce pain
- ankylosis
- stiffness or fixation of a joint by diseare or surgery
- anti-biotics
- substance to kill or wound micro-organizms
- anti-inflammatories
- medication which given by injection or pill reduces the components of inflammation
- antipyretic
- a substance to reduce fever
- arthrofibrosis
- intra articular scarring leading to impaired motion or function
- arthroplasty
- to modify a joint by mocrofuacture or resurfacing
- arthroscopic debridement
- to clean out the joint, usually the knee
- arthroscopy
- joint examination with a fibroptic endoscope placed into the joint
- atrophy
- loss of muscle fiber cross-sectional area
- autograft
- same individual's tissue
- allograft
- donor tissue from same species
- avulsion fracture
- a ligament or tendinous attachment is pulled off with a peice of bone because the attachment was stronger than the base
- Baker's cyst
- localized fluid accumulation in the posterior fossa of the knee
- Bankart lesion
- bony on soft tissue avulsion associated with anterior shoulder instability
- bankart procedure
- eponym for anterior capsular repair of IGHL for anterior shoulder instability. Axillary nerve at risk
- Bone-callus
- Immature healing bone
- BPTB
- bone patellar tendon bone - tissue used as reconstruction by ACL
- Bristow procedure
- eponym using conjoined tendon transfer (reconstruction) for anterior shoulder instability. Musculocutaneous nerve at risk
- Bursa
- protective synovial sac serving as a cushion for prominences throughout the body
- carcinoma
- cancer of epithelia origin
- cellulitis
- diffuse and especially subcutaneous inflammation of connective tissue
- chondromalacia
- soft cartilage. a condition without reference to etiology
- chondroplasty
- reair cartilage
- chronic
- marked by long duration, by frequent recurrence over a long time and often by slowly progerssing seriousness
- closed fracture
- bone is broken, skin intact
- comminuted fracture
- bone broken into more than 2 fragents
- compound fracture
- bone broke, skin open
- contusion
- bruise
- diaphysis
- shaft or middle part of a cylindrical bone.
- Discoid Meniscus
- congenital variation of the normal semilunar cushion cartilage, in which the meniscus is a disc like shape
- Dislocation
- complete displacement of one or more bones at a joint
- Ectomy –
- to cut out e.g. menisectomy, synovectomy
- Edema –
- fluid “loose†in the tissue which has escaped from the vascular or lymphatic spaces causing local or generalized swelling
- Epiphysis –
- the end of a growing bone
- Etiology –
- the cause of a pathologic process
- Fracture –
- any break in the continuity of a bone
- Firbrocartilage –
- normally found in the nose and ear; “scar†repair cartilage in the joint
- Greenstick fracture –
- incomplete fracture that passes only partially through the shaft of a bone in a child a bone fracture in a young individual in which the bone is partly broken and partly bent
- Growth plates –
- sites where bones grow longer and wider and are weaker than ligaments in a growing athlete
- Hernia –
- protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening
- Heterotopic bone –
- the formation of new bone in an abnormal location, often as a result of trauma or surgery
- Hill-Sachs Lesion –
- posterior humeral head compression fracture associated with anterior shoulder instability
- HAGL –
- humeral avulsion of glenoid ligament –
- Iatrogenic-
- induced artificially by medical treatment
- Idiopathic-
- arising from unknown cause
- Instability-
- symptomatic joint ROM; pathological
- Itis –
- suffix added to indicate inflammation. Pain (dolar), heat (calor), redness (rubor), swelling (tumor). E.g. tendonitis, bursitis, synovitis
- Jones fracture –
- 5th metatarsal fracture of the diaphysis often requiring surgical treatment
- Joint replacement –
- a resurfacing of the articular surface
- Laxity-
- amount of ROM in a joint; non-pathological
- Ligament –
- a collagenous structure that attaches bone to bone. When injured, often associated with a pop, pain and swelling
- Mal union –
- improper bone healing
- Metaphysis –
- a portion of a long bone in the wide portion of an extremity that in children contains the growth plates
- Monteggia fracture -
- a fracture in the proximal part of the ulna with dislocation of the head of the radius
- Mumford –
- an eponym for distal clavicle excision
- “Neutraceuticals†–
- natural substances to help chondrocytes form and heal joint surfaces e.g. glucosamine, condroitin sulfate
- Non union –
- bone failing to heal
- Osis –
- a condition of; implies no inflammation e.g. arthrosis
- Osteoclasis –
- a gradual stretching of bone after it has been fractured
- Osteomyelitis –
- bone infection
- Osteopenia –
- x-ray characteristics of reduced bone density
- Osteoporosis –
- a pathologic diagnosis of reduced bone quality
- Osteotomy –
- the internal shifting of bone by breaking the bone a surgical operation in which a bone is divided or a piece of bone is excised (as to correct a deformity)
- Otomy –
- to surgically break a bone e.g. osteotomy
- Plasty –
- to form
- Resect –
- to remove e.g. meniscus, distal clavicle
- Repair –
- to reattach; implies nutrition source and most times blood supply exception – cartilage e.g. Bankart repair for shoulder ligaments
- Reconstruct –
- to replace a structure with something else. E.g. BPTB for ACL
- Sarcoma –
- cancer of connective tissue origin e.g. osteosarcoma; lymphoma
- Septic –
- infectious
- Sprain –
- injury to a ligament
- Strain –
- injury to muscle or tendon e.g. hamstring or quad tendon
- Stress fracture –
- bone discontinuity from overuse as a result of inadequate healing between insults
- Subluxation -
- partial dislocation (as of one of the bones in a joint)
- Synovium
- (aka synovial membrane) –the dense connective-tissue membrane that secretes synovial fluid and that lines the ligamentous surfaces of articular capsules, tendon sheaths where free movement is necessary, and bursae
- Tendon –
- a collagenous structure which attaches muscle to bone
- Viscosupplementation-
- injection of material into joint to supplement viscous properties of synovial fluid; used for treatment of osteoarthritis. Example: Synvisc