Medical Terminology Chapter 11
Terms
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- pancreas
- exocrine and endocrine gland
- endocrine system
- glands that excretes hormone directly into bloodstream
- homeostasis
- body is in balance
- adrenal glands
- 2: over kidneys; parts are medulla and cortex
- adrenal medulla
- secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
- adrenal cortex
- secretes: mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones
- ovaries
- female gonads; secrete estrogen and progesterone
- parathyroid glands
- 4: on top of thyroid gland; secrete PTH hormone (regulates calcium in blood)
- pineal gland
- secretes melatonin; regulates sleep cycle
- pituitary gland
- located under brain; controlled by hypothalamus; divided into anterior and posterior lobes
- anterior pituitary
- secretes GH, TSH, PRL, FSH and LH
- posterior pituitary
- secretes ADH and oxytocin
- testes
- male gonads; secrete testoterone
- thymus
- located center chest; disppears around puberty; develops immune system and T cells
- thyroid
- near trachea; secretes thyroxine (t4) and t3. Uses iodine; secretes calcitonin (stores calcium)
- -crine
- to secrete
- -dipsia
- thirst
- -prandial
- relating to a meal
- -tropin
- stimulate
- exophthalmos
- eyeballs protrude
- gynecomastia
- breast development in men
- glucagon
- secretd by alpha cells in pancreas; releases glucose
- insulin
- secreted by beta cells in pancreas; stores blood glucose in cells
- islets of Langerhans
- pancreatic cells that secrete insulin and glucagon
- hypercalcemia
- excessive calcium in the blood
- hypoglycemia
- low sugar in the blood
- hyperkalemia
- excessive potassium in the blood
- hirsutism
- excess hairiness
- Addison's
- deficiency in adenocortical hormones
- Cushing's
- hypersecretion of adrenal glands
- pheochromocytoma
- benign tumaor of adrenal medulla- anxierty, headaches, nausea