Empiric Tx
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- UTI
-
E.coli
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
nitrofurantoin
amoxicillin
quinolones - Bronchitis
-
VIRUS, H.influenzae Moraxella
Amoxicillin
Erythromycin - Pneumonia (classic)
-
S.pneumo H.influenzae
3rd gen cephalosporin
azithromycin - Pneumonia(atypical)
-
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia
Macrolide Abx, doxycicline - Osteomyelitis
-
S.aureus, Salmonella
antistaph penicililn (doxicillin, methicillin)
vancomycin - Cellulitis
-
Staph Strep
antistaph penicillin (dicloxacillin, methicillin) - Meningitis (neonate)
-
Strep B, E.coli, Listeria
Amp+aminoglycoside
OR 3rd gen cephalosporin - Meningitis (child/adult)
-
S.pneumo, N.meningitides
Penicillin/amoxicillin +chloramphenicol
OR 3rd generation cephalosporin - Sepsis
-
gram (-) s, strep, staph
3rd gen pen/ceph + aminoglycoside
OR Imipenem - Septic arthritis
-
S.aureus (not sexually active), gonococci (ynger adults)
antistaph pen (dicloxacillin, methicillin)
ceftriaxone, penicillin, spectinomycin - Endocarditis
-
Staph, strep
[antistaph pen (dicloxacillin, methicillin) OR vancomycin]
AND aminoglycoside - Strep A or B
-
1. penicillin
2. erythromycin - enterococci
-
1. pen + aminoglycoside
2. vanc + aminoglycoside - gonococci
-
1. ceftriaxone
2. penicillin - haemophilus
-
1. 2nd or 3rd gen cephalosporin
2. Ampicillin - bacteroides
-
1. metronidazole
2. clindamycin - treponema
-
1. penicillin
2. erythromycin - E.coli
-
1. 3rd gen cephalosporin
2. aminoglycoside - rickettsia
-
1. tetracycline
2. erythromycin - mycobacterium tuberculosis
-
1. isoniazid/rifampin
2. ethambutol, pyrazinamide - strep pneumo
-
1. 3rd gen cephalosporin
2. fluoroquinolone - Staph
-
1. antistaph penicillin (dicloxacillin, methicillin)
2. VANC (MRSA) - Meningococcus
-
1. Penicillin/ampicillin
2. cefotaxime, chloramphenicol - Pseudomonas
-
1. penicillin + aminoglycoside
2. aztreonam, imipenem - mycoplasma
-
1. erythromycin
2. tetracycline - chlamydia or borrellia
-
1. tetracycline
2. erythromycin - klebsiella
-
1. 3rd gen cephalosporin
2. 3rd gen pen + aminoglycoside -
colors for
gram +
gram - -
blue
red - gram positive cocci in chains
- streptococci
- gram positive cocci in clusters
- staphylococci
- gram positive cocci in pairs (diplococci)
- strep pneumo
-
gram positive cocci in
chains
clusters
pairs -
strep
staph
strep pneumo -
gram negative
coccobacilli (small rods)
diplococci -
haemophilus
neisseria (gonorrhea, septic arthritis, meningitis) or moraxella (lungs, sinusitis) - gram negative rod that is plump and mucoid (thick capsule)
- klebsiella
- gram positive rods that form spores
- clostridium, bacillus
- pseudohyphae
- candida
- acid-fast organisms
-
mycobacterium tuberculosis
nocardia - gram positive organism with sulfur granules
- actinomyces (PID w. IUD; neckmass/cervical adenitis)
- silver staining (2 bugs)
- pneumocystis carinii and cat-scratch disease
- positive india ink preparation (thick capsule)
- cryptococcus
-
spirochete seen
only in dark field micorscopy (2)
regular light microscope (1) -
Treponema, Leptospira
Borrelia - patient/gardner stuck with thorn (dx + tx)
-
sporothrix schenckii (fungal)
tx potassium iodide or ketoconazole - aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease or other henoglobinopathy
- parvovirus B19
- Sepsis after splenectomy (or autospenectomy in sickle cell disease) (3)
- S. pneumo, H.flu, N. meningitides (encapsulated bugs)
- Pneumonia in SW (bug + tx)
-
Coccioides immitis
tx with ampho B - Pneumonia after cave exploring or expo to bird droppings (ohio and mississipi river valleys
- histoplasma capsulatum
- pneumonia after exposure to parrot or exotic bird
- chlamydia psittaci
- fungus ball/hemoptysis after TB induced cavitary disease
- Aspergillus
- pneumonia in a patient with silicosis
- TB
-
diarrhea after hiking or drinking from a stream
(bug + finding + tx) - giardia lamblia; cysts in stool; tx with metronidazole
- pregnant women with cats
- toxoplasma gondii
- B12 deficiency and abdominal sx
- diphyllobothrium latum
- seizures with ring enhancing brain lesion on CT
- Taenia solium (cysticericosis)
- bladder CA (squamous cell) in middle east and africa
- schistosoma haematobium
- worm infxn in kids
-
enterobius
Positive tape test, perianal itching - fever, muscle pain, eosinophilia and periorbital edema after eating raw meat
- trichinella spiralis (trichinosis)
- gastroenteritis in young children
- rotavirus
- food poisoning after eating reheated rice
- bacillus cereus
- food poisoning after eating raw seafood
- vibrio parahaemolyticus
- diarrhea after travelling to mexico (montezuma's revenge)
- e.coli
-
diarrhea after antibiotics
(bug + tx) -
c.difficile
tx with metro or vanc - infant paralyzed after eating honey (bug + mechanism)
- clostridium botulinum (blocks acetylcholine release)
- genital lesions in children w/o sexual abuse
- molluscum contageosum
- cellulitus after cat or dog bites (bug + prophylaxis)
- pasteurella multocida (tx cat and dog bites with prophylactic ampicillin)
- slaughterhouse worker with fever
- brucella
-
pneumonia after being in a hotel, near an air conditioner or water tower
(bug + tx) -
legionella pneumophilia
tx with erythromycin