UCO Nsg 1221-Intro to Nursing, Exam #1 (copy)
Terms
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- open system
- relatively free movement of information, matter, & energy into & out of the system
- Roy health adaptation
- a continuum
- references & resources nursing related
- CINAHL; Medline; Health Source; Natural Standard; American Journal of Nursing
- good, reputable web sites have
- information that is peer reviewed, author credentials, objective (no or little prejudice & bias), timliness, well-developed/professional presentation
- Watson model (Univ of Colorado)
- caring; philosophical approach; recognizes spirituality; gestalt client; must overcome environment; health - achieve full potential / harmony; nursing = science, goal to reach potential or curing treatment to eliminate disease. Values (all people are valuable); Caring (establish relationship of help & trust)
- wholly compensatory
- total care
- metro area associate degree programs
- OCCC, OSU
- nurse practice act importance
- part of state law that establishes the scope of practice for professional nurses, as well as educational levels & standards, professional conduct, & reasons for revocation of licensure; helps protect public
- F. Nightingale impact on nursing hx
- raised the bar for education, health care & nursing standards; 1854 cholera epidemic & Crimean War nursing - mortality rate drop; Queen of England gave Order of Merit
- Annie W. Goodrich
- served with Wald; known as outstanding nursing educator; appointed as a state inspector of nursing schools; dean of army nursing school.
- Pew Commission
- part of inadequate estimate of projected nursing shortages by 2010; contained competencies nursing will need & professional education needs
- ICN - International Council of Nurses
- goal is to improve health & nursing care throughout the world
- UCO Nursing conceptual framework: goal of the nurse
- to aid man to reach an optimal state of health through adaptation to changes in his environments
- metro area baccalaureate programs - accredited
- OCU, UCO
- LPN, LVN
- technicians for whom it is more important how to do something rather than why it is being done
- approaches to defining a profession
- process, power, trait
- UCO Nursing conceptual framework of curriculum components
- critical thinking, research, communication, human development, nursing process, professionalism, & caring
- how nursing theorists define the key concepts in theories
- King = attainment; Roy = UCO based curriculum: adaptation; Orem = self-care
- professional certification significance
- demonstrates that an individual is qualified to provide safe care to the public; licensure is a type of legal _____________; is a granting of credentials to indicate that an individual has achieved a level of ability higher than the minimal level of competency indicated by licensure; acknowledges attainment of increased knowledge & skills-self-worth validation & competence
- how to increase power in nursing
- professional unity, political activity, accountability & professionalism, networking
- types of advanced practice nurse practitioners
- adult nurse practitioner; family nurse practitioner; gerontological nurse practitioner, pediatric nurse practitioner, acute care nurse practitioner, adult psychiatric and mental health nurse practitioner, family psychiatric & mental health practitioner; advanced diabetes mgmt- nurse practitioner
- compare / contrast mission stmt of UCO & Dept of Nsg philosophy & conceptual framework
- Nursing philosophy statement must be compatable with UCO mission statement. Philosophy: holistic being w/dignity & worth, individuals adapt (Roy), consumers participate in own health care; nurse should self-eval / professional growth; learning demonstrated by change in behavior; professional nursing education takes place in institution of higher learning
- Past leaders of nursing
- Florence Nightengale, Isabel Adams Hampton Robb, Lillian Wald, Lavinia Lloyd Dock, Annie Goodrich
- institutional licensure
- rejected by every major nursing organization; allows individual health-care institutions to determine which individuals are qualified to practice nursing within general guidelines est. by outside board; no standardization
- nursing lit vs popular lit & how to evaluate information from internet
- Evaluate by documentation including citations, content, authority, persuasiveness
- Licensure purposes & needs
- protects public / std basis of knowledge; must take exam; nurse practice act from each state regulates by state law; every other year you must renew
- Roy environment adaption
- concept of stimuli
- how to increase power in nursing
- professional unity, political activity, accountability & professionalism, networking
- 1965 ANA position paper
- addressed nurses education should take place in institutions of highter education
- UCO Dept of Nursing curriculum
- Roy theorist of adaptation; conceptual framework is NLN evaluation tool
- Roy client's adaptation MODES
- physiological (uses internal physiological process), self-concept (developed by life experiences), role-function ( dependent on relative place in society), interdependence (how client relates to others)
- legitimate power
- depends on legislative or legal acts
- coercive power
- ability to punish, withhold rewards, threaten
- AACN - American Association of Colleges of Nursing
- est to help colleges & schools of nursing to improve std for higher education for professional nursing; developed std for accreditation
- occupation
- a group of jobs that are similar in type of work & that are usually found throughout an industry or work environment
- mandatory licensure
- requires anyone wishing to practice nursing to pass licensure exam & become registered by SBN. Forced SBNs to distinguish between the activities that nurses at different levels could legally perform; scope of practice defines practice boundries
- junior year focus
- caring for an individual client in a variety of clinical situations; lower # clinical hours
- better staffing ratios lead to
- better client care, decreased costs for insurance & malpractice law suits
- senior course focus
- more of caring for family & groups; increased # clinical hours
- collective power
- broader context than individual client care
- ANA - American Nurses Association *
- primarily concerned with quality of nursing practice in daily health care setting; all nurses are eligible to belong to this org; purpose is primarily legislative & to set standards
- Roy nursing adaptation multistep process
- is to aid & support client; assessment, analysis (ID problem/nursing diagnosis), setting goals (-> evaluation of whether goals have been met)
- evidence-based practice
- nursing in which interventions are based on data from research that demonstrates that they are appropriate & successful
- systems theory
- a viewpoint from general sociology; all parts of life are interlocking & overlapping "systems"; components which interact & affect each other; problems in 1 part of the system will affect all parts of the system
- types of advanced nursing degrees (name at least 3)
- masters degree ladder program of ADN-to-MSN receiving a BSN then MSN, NP-to-MSN program, Master's degree (considered a specialist's degree: MSN = master's of science in nursing is the professional degree, & the MS Nursing is the formal academic degree), doctoral programs - PhD / research or the EdD / education or administration in the educational setting, DNSc, DSN, DN, ND, DNEd
- Types of advanced practice for nurses
- nurse practitioners & clinical specialists
- reward power
- depends on ability to grant ______/specific behavior change
- historical development of nursing
- convents & monasteries (religious orders), military nursing orders, nursing religious orders, industrial revolution had early community health, colonial era untrained volunteers (ie poorly educated & poorly trained)
- types of advanced practice clinical specialists
- clinical specialists (cs) in adult psychiatric & mental health nursing, cs in child/adolescent psychiatric mental health nursing, cs in gerontological nursing, cs in medical-surgical nursing, cs in home health nursing, cs in pediatric nursing, cs in community health, advanced diabetes management cs
- Orem model
- self-care; own responsibility; client has capacity for self-care; health deficit from inability to carry out key (6) health care activities (to maintain health &/or health deviation self-care), environment is negative medium/conduct daily activities; nursing levels of wholly compensated, partially compensated, supportive developmental care; 3 step nursing care of assess, determine care plan, & provide indicated care (5 methods)
- 3 hours clinical practicm
- = one credit hour
- trait - approach to defining a profession
- accountability; autonomy; had code of ethics; specialized knowledge; demonstrates competency via licensure
- UCO Nursing curriculum requirements
- 49 hours general education, 17 - 21 hours of pre-professional, 56 credits in nursing, total hours = 124
- licensure
- an activity conducted by the state through the enforcement powers of its regulatory boards to protect the public's health, safety, & welfare by establishing professional standards; necessary to ensure everyone who claims to be a nurse can function at a minimal level of competency & safety
- why are theories & models important to nursing profession?
- to be a better nurse & provide better care to real people; systematic conceptualizations of nursing practice & how it fits into the health-care system; indicates a maturing of the profession
- popular literature resources
- InfoTrac, NewsBank
- Sigma Theta Tau *
- honorary organization to recognize individuals who show leadership or made important contributions to professional nursing; international scope; all nurses but membership by invitation only; upper level scholarly org; only for baccauleaurate; Beta Delta chapter here which includes 5 programs/schools
- Roy environment stimuli
- focal, contextual, residual
- job
- a group of positions that are similar in nature & level of skill that can be carried out by one or more individuals
- doctorial degrees available to nurses
- PhD - designed to prepare individual to conduct research, EdD - same as PhD or focus more on administration in the educational setting; DNSc - doctor of nursing science, DSN- DNEd
- King Intervention Model Theory
- goal attainment; client = open system that changes; environment = systems of personal, interpersonal, social, & external; health = dynamic process: interference = illness; nursing = dynamic interactions
- closed system
- prevents any movement into & out of the system; static & unchanging
- referent power
- involves close personal relationship
- 2 - 3 hours skills lab on campus
- = 1 credit hour
- Major differences between diploma, associate degree & bachelor of science in nursing educational programs
- diploma - upon graduation given a certificate/diploma but no academic degree, usually all hands-on experience in the hospital where trained; associate degree nursing (ADN) - developed by M. Montague after WWII as a short-term solution to the nursing shortage, 2 year programs often at community colleges; baccalaureate - the professional degree = BSN (or an external degree), teh full academic degree = BS Nursing,or career ladder program
- why has nursing failed to attain some traits of a profession
- BS degree not required for licensure; autonomy & independence of practice lacking; subservient image; lack strong professional identity; considered job instead of career
- position
- a group of tasks assigned to one individual
- UCO Nursing philosophy ENVIRONMENTS - lined up with Maslow's hierarchial of needs
- physiological, ecological, sociocultural, psychological, spiritual/philosophical
- NLN - National League for Nursing *
- primary responsibility for regulating the quality of education programs that prepare nurses & is an accrediting agency (Accredation of school every 10 yrs); board has some nonnurses. State board accredits school each 5 yrs.
- mandated staffing ratios
- Calif. 1st state to approve effective Jan. 2004
- UCO Nursing conceptual framework of health / illness
- seen as a continuum that parallels adaptation-maladaptation continuum; health is synonymous w/adaptation, illness is synonymous w/maladaptation
- What are power sources?
- referent, expert, reward, coercive, legitimate, collective
- concept of advanced practice for nurses
- advanced practice as nurse practitioners or clinical specialists; specialty certification baccalaureate; specialty certification associate degree/diploma
- process - approach to defining a profession
- points of development along a continum; lacks criteria on which to base judgments
- UCO Nursing Philosophy includes dept purpose of...
- to prepare a generalist who functions as a beginning practitioner of professional nursing committed to continued learning & advancement of nursing
- Lillian Wald
- opened Henry Street Settlement health clinic in poor part of NYC. Organized nurses to make home visits, focusing on sanitary conditions & children's health. Social reformer. Advocated wellness education.1st president of Nat'l Org. of Public Health Nursing.
- model
- hypothetical representation of something that exists in reality; attempts to explain a complex reality in a systematic & organized manner
- nursing organizations & importance
- NLN, ANA, NSNA, Sigma Theta Tau, also ICN, AACN
- nursing definition
- ANA: _______ is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.
- nurse practice act
- controls the type of activities nurses may legally carry out when they perform advanced roles
- partly compensatory
- Orem - what pt can do for themselves they must do
- UCO conceptual framework - nursing
- critical thinking, research, communication, human development, nursing process, professionalism, caring
- breadth of nursing opportunities
- hospice, hospitals, clinics, schools, rehab, educatiors; many different opportunities that are interesting & rewarding within a hospital; private practice, public health agencies, home health care, primary nursing school-operated nursing centers, ambulatory care centers, insurance & managed care companies, education, research
- PES
- problem - etiology - signs & symptoms (problem related to etiology as manifested by signs & symptoms)
- 4 parts of all systems
- input, output, throughput & feedback loop
- Isabel Adams Hampton Robb
- teacher; Rome hospital superintendent; 1st director of nursing school that was university based; then John Hopkins Training School for Nurses. Brought nursing leaders together to form NLN. 1st president of group that became ANA. Developed American Journal of Nursing - official journal of ANA.
- profession
- a type of occupation that meets certain criteria that raise it to a level above that of an occupation
- power - approach to defining a profession
- defined by independence of practice & how much ________ does this occupation control; political ______ & $$ person in that occupation earns
- theory
- set of interrelated constructs (concepts, definitions, or propositions) that presents a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables with the purpose of explaining & predicting phenomena; a speculative statement involving some element of reality that has not been proved; attempts to explain apparent relationships between observed behaviors & effects on client's health
- prescriptive authority
- all states now have some type of this granted to nurse practitioners; legal right to write prescriptions for medications, granted to physicians, veterinarians, dentists, & advanced practice nurses
- Nursing process
- assessing, analyzing, planning, implementing, evaluation
- UCO Nursing Conceptual Framework ENVIRONMENTS
- physiological, ecological, sociocultural, psychological, spiritual/philosophical
- peer reviewed literature
- requires any manuscripts submitted to be reviewed by 2 or 3 professionals who are considered experts or at least knowledgeable in the subject matter; key element in ensuring accuracy of the information; look for clear statement of the source of information & how reviewed
- traits of nursing as a profession
- high intellectual level of functioning; high level of individual responsibility & accountability; specialized body of knowledge; evidence based practice; public service & altruistic activities; well organized & strong representation; code of ethics; competency & professional license
- leading causes of attrition among nurses
- burnout, poor working conditions`
- expert power
- from amount of knowledge, skill expertise; used or withheld
- Roy theory
- adaptation
- nursing process steps that are sequential but often overlapping
- assessing; analyzing; planning; implementing; evaluating
- various themes evident in nursing hx
- society's beliefs about the causes of illness, the value placed on individual life, & the role of women in society; wars, influencing development of technology & direction of health care
- characteristics of concept of power
- how much independence of practice this occupation has; how much ______ this occupation controls; earned & political _____
- What is power?
- ability to exert influence over another person or group of persons
- permissive licensure
- allows individuals to practice nursing as long as they do not use the letters "RN" after name. Only protects the RN title but not the practice of nursing. Anyone could carry out the functions of an RN regardless of education, without a competency exam
- theory 1 hour =
- 1 credit hour class
- UCO Dept of Nursing application requirements & procedure
- fee, OSBI, TEAs, 3 recommendations, transcript & evaluation of transcript
- Lavinia Lloyd Dock
- Wrote 1st medication textbook for nurses. Social reform limited due to being female. Lobbied legislators.
- critical thinking
- ability to use basic core knowledge & decision-making skills in deciding & resolving situations with a relatively small amount of data & a high degree of risk & ambiguity
- supportive - educative system
- education & emotional support
- throughput
- process that allows input to be changed so useful to system (text example: gasoline to car)
- systems theory as important element in nursing theories or models
- theory that stresses the interrelatedness of parts in any system in which a change in one part affects all other parts; often, the system is greater than the sum of its parts
- 4 key concepts found in nursing theories & models
- Client, health, environment, nursing
- Neuman health-care systems model
- individual & environment focus; stress theory; holistic; boundaries of defense & resistance. Stressors. Primary intervention, secondary intervention & tertiary care. Used by community & public health (ie health depts); interactive, open system theory: what happens to 1 affects other persons in system
- hallmarks of sound nursing theory or model
- flexibility & adaptability to new discoveries; flexible, realistic, usable
- 10 trends that will affect health care
- changing demographics & increasing cultural diversity, explosion of technology, economic & social globalization, better-educated consumers, the Genome Project, alternative health-care practices, & palliative care, increasingly complex health care & shift to population-based care, managed health care & out of control health care costs, governmental health-care regulations & policies, collaborative practice, nursing shortage, advances in nursing research