CPR/First Aid

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In an emergency...: 1. Size up scene (is safe)
2. Initial Assessment
3. Summon advanced medical personnel
When do you call first? When do you care fisrt?: -call first if suspect cardiac emergency
-care first situations are likely to be breathing emergencies
-provide care for 2 minutes and then summon advanced medical personnel if...
unconscious infant/child; victim of drowining; cardiac arrest assoc w/ trauma; OD
Signs of Stroke: -stroke is third leading cause of death in U.S.
-signs and symptoms: FAST
Face: weakness on one side of face
Arm: weakness/numbness in one arm
Speech: slurred speech
Time: note time signs/symptoms were first observed
Adult, Child, and Infant: Ages: -adult: 12 yrs or older
-child: 1 to about 12 years
-infant: under 1
Adult and Child Ages w/ AED: -adult: 9 years or older
-child: 1 to 8 years old or less than 55 lbs
Breathing Emergences: -respiratory distress: difficulty breathing
-respiratory arrest/failure: stop breathing
Rescue breathing: -each breath should last about 1 sec and make chest clearly rise
-adult: 1 breath every 5 sec
-child/infant: 1 breath every 3 sec
Airway Obstruction: -most common cause of respiratory emergencies
-anatomical obstruction or mechanical obstruction
Conscious choking victim: -get consent first
-adult/child: 5 black blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts
-infant: 5 black blows/ 5 abdominal thrusts
Special considerations for choking victims: -if victim is pregnant, position hands slightly higher on victim's chest
Unconscious Choking Vicitm: -consent implied
-adult/child/infant: 5 thrusts, look for object, see object swipe it out, try 2 rescue breaths, repeat cycle if necessary
Chest compression depths: -adult: 1.5 to 2 in.
-child: 1 to 1.5 in.
-infant: .5 to 1 in.
Initial Assessment: 1. check for consciousness and obtain consent if conscious
2. if no response, summon advanced medical personnel
3. check for signs of life (movement/breathing) for no more than 10 sec
4. give 2 rescue breaths if no movement or breathing
5. if chest clearly rises, check for pulse no more than 10 sec
6. check for severe bleeding
Opening airway: -tilt adult head back
-tilt child head slightly past neutral
-tilt infant head to neutral
-if head, neck, or back injury use jaw-thrust maneuver
Checking pulse: -adult/child: carotid artery on neck
-infant: brachial on inside of upper arm
What to do: movement, breathing, pulse: -place in recovery position and monitor ABC's
What to do: first 2 rescue breaths don't make chest clearly rise: -unconscious choking victim
What to do: pulse but no movement or breathing: -rescue breathing
What to do: no movement, no breathing, and no pulse: -CPR
Rescue Breathing: Adult: -pulse but no movement or breathing
-1 breath every 5 seconds
-continue for 2 minutes
-remove mask and look for movement and recheck for breathing and a pulse for no more than 10 seconds
Rescue Breathing: Child and Infant: -1 breath every 3 seconds
-continue for 2 minutes
-recheck for breathing, pulse, and movement
Conscious Choking Adult and Child: 1. size up scene
2. ask "are you choking?"
-identify self and ask if can help (obtain consent)
-encourage continued coughing if coughing
3. if victim can't cough, speak, or breath have some one summon medical help
4. lean victim forward and give 5 back blows w/ heel of hand
5. give 5 abdominal thrusts
Back Blows: -place one arm diagonally across chest and lean victim forward
-strike victim bwt shoulder blades
Abdominal Thrusts: -adult: stand behind victim
-child: stand or kneel behind child
-place thumb side of fist above the navel
-give quick, upward thrusts
Continue giving back blow and abdominal thrusts until: -object is forced out
-victim begins to breathe or coupgh
-victim becomes unconscious
Conscious Choking Infant: -position infant face down on forearm
-lower infant onto thigh keeping infant's head lower than chest
-give 5 back blows
-position infant face-up along forearm
-give 5 chest thrust w/ 2 or 3 fingers just below nipple line
what if first 2 rescue breaths don't make chest clearly rise: -reposistion the airway by tilting head further back and try 2 breaths again
-if breaths still don't go in go to unconscious choking victim
Unconscious choking adult/child: -give 5 chest thrusts
-compress at rate of 100 compression per minute
-look inside victim's mouth
-if see object take it out
-give 2 breath again
Unconscious choking infant: -remove mask and give 5 chest compressions (2/3 fingers below nipple line)
-look for object in mouth
-see object take out
-give 2 breaths again
Cardia Chain of Survival: 1. early recognition of emergency and early access to EMS
2. Early CPR
3. Early Difibrillation
4. Early advance medical care
Common causes of heart attack: -usu result from cardiovascular disease
-respiratory distress
-electrocution
-traumatic injury
Atherosclerosis: -depositis of cholestrol and other materials buildup on inner walls of arteries causing vessels to narrow
-when coronary arteries narrow, a heart attack may occur
Signs of Heart Attack: -discomfort, pressure, or pain (in chest)
-pain that comes and goes (angina pectoris)
-trouble breathing (faster than normal)
-ashen or pale skin
-sweat heavily or dizzy
-pain in left arm
-naseau/vomitting
Myocardial Infarction: -heart attack
-muscles of heart suffer a loss of oxygenated blood
Care for a heart attack: -call 911
-have victim rest
-loosen tight/uncomfortable clothing
-monitor victim
-comfort victim
-give aspirin if able
-assist w/ prescribed meds
-be prepared to give CPR or use AED
Cardiac Arrest: -caused by heart attack, electrocution, respiratory arrest, or drowining
-hearth stops beating or is beating to irregulary or weakly to circulate blood effectively
Signs of cardiac arrest: -unconsciouness
-no movement or breathing
-no pulse
CPR: -chest compressions circulate blood to victim's brain and other vital organs
-let chest fully recoil to normal position after each compression before starting next compression
What may happen when giving CPR: -break victim's ribs or seperate cartilage
-victim may vomit
-scene may become chaotic
-not all victim's survive
Adult CPR: -30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths
-two hands on the center of the chest
-compress 1.5 to 2 in.
-about 100 compressions per min
Child CPR: -30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths
-two hands or one on center of chest
-compress 1 to 1.5 in.
-100 compressions per min
Infant CPR: -30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths
-two or three fingers on center of chest
-compress .5 to 1 in.
-100 compressions per min
Two-Rescuer CPR: -adult: 30 compressions/2 breaths
-child: 15 compressions/2 breaths
-infant: 15 compressions/2 breaths
-15:2 ratio provides more frequent respiration for children and infants
CPR-Special Situations: -in stairwell, move victim to flat area (don't interrupt CPR for longer than 30 sec)
-do not interrupt CPR while a victim is being transferred to ambulance or ER
Administering emergency oxygen: -higher concentration of O2 being deliverd to a victim can help counter the effects of a life-threatening injury or illness to the body
Continue CPR until...: -another trained person arrives to take over
-AED is available to use
-too exhausted
-scene becomes unsafe
-notice an obvious sign of life
AED: -automated external defibrillation
-provides electric shock to heart
-disrupts electrical activity of V-fib and V-tach long enough so hearth can spontaneously develop effective rhythm on own
Hearts electricl system: -electrical impulses from conduction system travel through atria (upper chambers) to ventricles (lower chambers)
-under normal conditions impulse reaches muscular walls of ventricles and causes ventricles to contract forcing blood out of heart to circulate through body
Sinoatrial Node (SA): -normal point of origin on electrical impulses above atria
Atrioventricular Node (AV): -midway point bwt atria and ventricles
-electical impulse travels to here where pathway divides into 2 branches (right and left ventricle)
Pulse: -contraction of left ventricle
ECG: -electrocardiogram
-evaulate electrical activity of heart
-rhythms appear as series of peaks and valleys
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib): -totally disorganzied electricl activity in the heart
-fibrillations or quiverings of ventricles
-ventricles can't pump blood and there is no movement, breathing, or pulse
Two most common rhythms initially present in cardiac arrest: -ventricular fibrillation
-ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach): -rapid contraction of the ventricles
-rate is often so fast that the heart is unable to pump blood properly
-no movement, breathing, or pulse
Asystole: -all electrical activity ceases b/c v-fib and v-tach were not interrupted
-asytole cannot be corrected by defibrillation
Using an AED: adult: -provide 1 shock followed by 5 cycles (2 min) of CPR
Possible causes of cardiac arrest in children: -respiratory distress (ie choking)
-traumatic injuries or accidents
-hard blow to chest
-congenital heart disease
AED precautions: -don't touch victim while defibrillating or analyzing
-don't use alcohol to wipe victim's chest (flammable)
-don't defibrillate around flammable materials
-don't use AED in moving vehicle
-don't use AED on victim in contact w/ water
-don't use pediatric pads on adults
-don't use AED on victim wearing nitroglycerin patch or other patches
-don't use phone or radio w/in 6 ft of AED
AED special situations: -around water: remove wet clothes
-implantable devices: do not place defibrillation pad directly over device
-nitrogylcerin patches: remove all patches
hypothermia: initial assessment takes longer (30-45 sec) and don't shake cause could result in v-fib
-traume
-chest hair
Using an AED: adult and child: -turn on AED
-wipe chest dry
-attack the pads (one on upper right chest other on lower left side)
*make sure pads aren't touching
-make sure no one is touchin victim ("stand clear")
-push analyze buttom
-push shock buttom if indicated
-after shock or if no shock is indicated give 5 cycles of CPR
6 steps in EMS system: 1. survey scene
2. call 911
3. professional rescue care
4. pre-hospital care
5. hospital care
6. rehab

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Number of cards 62