Pneumonia
Terms
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- Define Pneumonia
- Lower respiratory tract infection involving the alveoli. Presence of infiltrates on CXR to distinguish from bronchitis
- Define Bronchitis
- LRTI involving bronchi
- Acute bronchitis often caused by:
- Viruses
- Chronic bronchitis often caused by:
- bacteria, associated w/ smoking/COPD
- Define bronchiolitis
- LRTI involving very small bronchi, esp in infants/young children
- Clinical Findings in Typical Pneumonia
- high fever, productive cough, chest pain, lobar/segmental consolidation on CXR
- Clinical Findings in Atypical Pneumonia
- low/no fever, dry cough, no chest pain, gradual onset, negative gram, patchy infiltrate on CXR
- Bugs causing community acquired pneumonia
- strep pneumoniae, haemophilus infulenzae, legionella pneumophila, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis
- Bugs causing nosocomial pneumonia
- s. aureus, mixed anaerobic/aerobic bact, coliforms: e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, proteus
- Post-influenza predisposes to pneumonia from:
- s. aureus
- military recruits predisposed to PNA from:
- m. pneumoniae, adenoviruses
- Air conditioning/tap water aerosols predispose to PNA from:
- Legionella
- Alcohol predisposes to PNA from:
- pneumococci, legionella, h. flu, klebsiella
- COPD predisposes to PNA from:
- h. flu, klebsiella
- Severe neutropenia predisposes to PNA from:
- coliforms, pseudomonas, s. aureus
- cystic fibrosis predisposes to PNA from:
- pseudamonas auruginosa
- Ventilator associated PNA:
- coliforms, pseudomonas, s. aureus
- Predisposing factors to LRTI
- Stupor: suppressed cough reflex; viral resp infxn, immunosuppresion
- PNA bugs by age: neonates
- Group B Strep, E. Coli, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- PNA bugs by age: Infants
- chlamydia trachomatis; RSV, parainfluenza
- PNA bugs by age: Young children
- strep pneumoniae, h. flu, RSV, parainfluenza
- PNA bugs by age: Older children
- m. pneumoniae, strep pneumoniae, adenovirus
- PNA bugs by age: young adults
- m pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis, strep pneumoniae, adenovirus
- PNA bugs by age: older adults
- strep pneunomiae, h. flu, legionella pneumophila, influenza
- Lung abscess formed by (bugs):
- anaerobes (Peptostrep, fusobacterium, bacteroides); facultatives (viridans, klebsiella, s. aureus)