Microbial Disease
Mother micro
Terms
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- decline
- decline of disease
- ID50 T. palidum (syphilis)
- 10,000,000
- catalase
- enzym made by aerobes and facultative anaerobes to convert H2O2 into harmless O2 + H2); catalase neg. microbes are killed by H2O2
- cyto
- kills cells (Clostridium diphtheriae, B. pertussis, S. pyogenes
- Mutualism
- both benefit (E. Coli)
- dose (n)
- number of microbes
- Koch's postulates
- association, isolation, causation, reisolation
- causation
- agent must cause the disease when inoculated into a lab animal
- coagulase
- walls off bacteria, protecting from phagocytosis (Staph)
- stages of disease (contagious during all stages)
- incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence
- glycocalyx layer
- adhesins of Streptococcus mutans (dental carries)
- flaccid paralysis
- Botulism
- entero
- damage GI cells (E. Coli, V. cholerae, S. aureus (food poison))
- antigenic variation
- change Ag. to evade immune system (flu, trypanosome (African Sleeping Sickness, Chagas), HIV, gonorrhea,
- association
- agent must be in all with the specific disease
- Protozoans with virulence factors
- Plasmodium (malaria), trypanosome (African Sleeping Sickness), Giardia (giardiasis dysentery)
- Enzymes
- coagulase, collagenase, hemolysins, hyaluronidase, kinase, leukocidin, catalase
- other adhesins
- flagella, hooks, suction disc
- leukocidin
- destroys WBC
- virulence (v)
- microbial "weapons" factors
- hemolysins
- a-partial, b-full (Strep pyogenes), y-no RBC destruction
- infection
- invasion and multiplication of pathogen
- pathogenicity of disease depends on?
- dose, virulence, resistance
- isolation
- agent must be isolated and grown in pure culture
- ID50
- dose required where 50% will be infected
- incubation
- after invasion; microbial replication
- dental carries
- Streptococcus mutans
- waxy cell wall
- TB
- ID50 legionella
- 1
- ID50 salmonella
- 10
- An opportunistic pathogen is generally of ... virulence and requires ... host resistance
- low; decreased
- sub-clinical
- asymptomatic
- capsules
- adhesin, slimy layer around cell wall decreases phagocytosis (S. pyogenes)
- What are the three types of symbiosis?
- Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism
- toxins
- exo, endo, cyto, neuro, entero
- reisolation
- agent must be isolated from all lab animals and be identical to the original microbe
- virulence factors
- adhesins, toxins, enzymes
- exo (heat labile=susceptible to destruction by heat)
- strong, made and released during microbial growth, mostly Gm+
- resistance
- strenth of host's immune system
- pneumonia
- P. carinii
- illness
- acute disease
- spikes
- adhesins, flu, HIV (H + N)
- Commensalism
- one benefits; the other has no effect
- prodromal
- symptoms
- hyaluronidase
- destroys hyaluronic acid of connective tissue (Strep pyogenes)
- neuro
- damages nerve cells (Clostridium tetani botulinum)
- What are Koch's postulates used in?
- research
- which is worse, food intoxication or food infection?
- food intoxication
- endo
- released as LPS of Gm-cell wall is destroyed, leads to shock, maybe death, heat stable (ex. Salmonella typhi, N. meningitidis)
- ID50 is shifted by
- increased/decreased virulence or increased host resistance
- How many types does symbiosis have?
- 3
- kinase
- destroys protective blood clots (evade phagocytosis), streptokinase is used to prevent heart attack and stroke
- collagenase
- destroys collagen in connective tissue (S. pyogenes, Clostridium perfringens)
- Examples of opportunistic infection
- PCP in AIDS, candidiasis in AIDS, peritonitis from E.Coli
- convalescence
- recovery (but can still be a carrier)
- What do Koch's postulates prove?
- a specific organism causes a specific disease
- Example of commensalism
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- have waxy M protein in addition to capsules
- B. anthracis, Y. pestis, S. pneumoniae
- Parasitism
- one lives in another and harms it (protozoans, viruses)
- LD50
- dose required where 50% will die
- Pathogenicity formula
- D=nR/V
- spastic paralysis
- Tetanus
- pili
- adhesin for N. gonorrheae
- disease
- symptoms due to tissue damage