AHN 15
Terms
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- humoral immunity is what?
- antibodies are proiteins found in plasma
- HUMORAL IMMUNITY IS MEDICATED BY?
- B cells
- what r the 2 types of latex allergies?
- type IV allergic contact dermatitis & type I allergic reactions
- WHAT R THE 2 MAJOR FORMS OF IMMUNITY?
- INNATE (NATURAL) AND ACQUIRED (ADAPTIVE)
- what are side effects of antihistamines/
- DROWSINESS, MUCOUS MEMBRANE DRYNESS, CNS EXCITATION are side effects of earlier antihistamines
- hypersensitivity
- abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus
- cellular immunity
- AKA cell- mediated immunity the mechanism of acquired immunity characterized by the dominant role of small T cells, resulting when T cells are activated by an antigen.
- immunity
- the quality of being unaffected or resistant to something, such as a disease
- type IV allergic contact dermatitis?
- caused by chemicals in the mfg process of latex gloves...onset reaction can be from 6-48 hours
- immunosuppressive
- the administration of agents that significantly interfere /c the ability of the immune system to respond to antigenic stimulation by inhibiting cellular and humoral immunity
- cell-mediated immunity is primary importance in what?
- immunity against pathogens that survive inside cells, including viruses, and some bacteria, 2, fungal infections, 3. rejection of transplanted tissues, 4 contact hypersensitivity reactions, 5, tumor immunity, 6 certain autoimmune diseases
- proliferation
- B cells ( proliferation) reproduction or multiplication of similar forms/ depends on antigen stimulation
- how long can blood be frozen and still be used?
- as long as 3 years, it should also be refrigerated until 1/2 hr B 4 use, and must b administered with 4 hours
- why not the powder in latex gloves?
- the proteins can become aerosolized thru powder on gloves & can result in serious reactions when inhaled by sensitized people
- humoral means what?
- body fluid
- what to give to a Pt that is showing a sign of systemic anaphylactic response...the Pt is wheezing...?
- IM penicillin
- PLASMAPHERESIS IS USED FOR WHAT?
- TREAT AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
- what are the basic catagories for primary immunodeficiency disorders include
- phagocytic defects, B-cell deficiency, t-cell deficiency, & combined B & T cell deficiency
- adaptive immunity
- provides a specific reation to each invading antigen and has the unique ability to remember the antigen that caused the attack ......IS SPECIFIC...IT IS THE BODY'S SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE
- innate immunity
- provides physical and chemical barriers to invading pathogens and protects against the external enviroment: it is composed of the skin, mucous membranes, cilia, stomach acid, tears, saliva, sebaceous glands and secretions and flora of the intestine and vagina. .....IT IS NONSPECIFIC
- immunodeficiency
- abnormal condition of the immune system in which cellular or humoral immunity is inadequate and resistance to infection is decreased/ disease is an increased susceptibility to infection
- when do hypersensitivity disorders occur?
- when harmless substances...pollen, danders, foods, and chemicals are recognized as foreign
- immunocompetence
- when immune systems responds appropriately to a foreign stimulus, the body integrity is maintained
- immunology
- the study of the immune system
- ANAPHYLAXIS
- THE MOST SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION, venoms, drugs (penicillin & aspirin), contrast media dyes, insect stings, some foods
- antigen
- is referred to as immunogen ( any agent or substance capable of provoking an immune response or producing immunity) when immunity results. , a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it
- what are 2 ways to assist the body to develop immunity?
- immunizations & immunotherapy
- B LYMPHOCYTES PRODUCE WHAT?
- ANTIBODIES
- allergen
- .is referred to as allergen ( a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body, but is not necessarily inherently harmful) when symptoms or allergy occur, environemental foreign partical or substance (ag) that can trigger and allergic reaction
- in immunization the immune system mounts what then there is a 2nd exposure?
- a greater response
- type I allergic reaction in latex gloves
- occurs w/in minutes of contact w/ the proteins....this reaction is a response to the NATURAL LATEX RUBBER PROTEINS
- allograft
- applied to the transplantation of tissue between members of the same species, this is most common form
- WHAT R THE CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM?
- MACROPHAGES (phagocytes) and lymphocytes
- B cells cause the production of what?;
- antibodies and proliferate (increase in number) in response to at particular antigen
- plasmapheresis
- is the removal of plasma that contains components causing, or thought to cause, disease. when plasma is removed, it's replaced by substitution fluids such as salline or albumin
- immunotherapy
- a special treatment of allergic responses that administers increasingly large doses of the offending allergens to gradually develop immunity
- autoimmune
- pertaining to the development of an immune response { autoantibodies or cellular immune response} to one's own tissue) disorders are failures of the tolerance to self).....FAILURE TO DISTINGUISH "SELF" PROTEINS FROM "FOREIGN" PROTEIN
- humoral immunity
- 1 of 2 forms of immunity that respond to antigens, such as bacteria and foreign tissue - is mediated by the B cells. B cells produce antibodies in response to antigen chalenge.
- T & B cells...T cells cooperate with B cells to produce antibodies...but do not do what by them selves?
- T does not produce antibodies on their own
- lymphokine
- is 1 of the chemicals factors produced and released by T cells that attracts macrophages to the site of infection or inflammation and prepares them for attack
- when a 2nd exposure occurs what do memory B cells do?
- cause a quick response, regardless of whether the 1st exposure was to an antigen or to immunization
- what is the most effective treatment of hypersensitivity?
- environmental control, avoiding the offending allergen
- immunogen
- s referred to as immunogen ( any agent or substance capable of provoking an immune response or producing immunity) when immunity results.
- what are the 3 main functions of the immune system
- protect body's internal environment against invading organisms, 2, maintain homeostasis by removing damaged cells from circulation, 3, to serve as surveillance network, fir recognizing & guarding against the develop. & growth of abnormal cells
- immunization
- is process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or increased.
- attenuated
- process of weakening the degree of virulence of a disease organsm, in such a way as to reduce their degree of power without losing their ability to stimulate the production of antibodies.
- isograft
- is transfer of tissue between genetically identical people....identical twins
- autologous
- pertaining to tissue occurring naturally and derived from the same indivdual , transfusion, or use of one's own blood, for replacement therapy.
- when does the immunodeficient state exist?
- when the immune system does not adequately protect the body
- T LYMPHOCYTES DO WHAT?
- DO NOT PRODUCE ANTIBODIES, BUT ASSIST THE B CELL