Apologia Biology 2nd Ed., Module 2
Terms
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- Aerobic organism
- An organism that requires oxygen
- Anaerobic organism
- An organism that does not require oxygen
- Conjugation
- A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer
- Endospore
- The DNA of a bacterium that is coated with several hard layers
- Exponential growth
- Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population
- Logistic Growth
- Population growth that is controlled by limited resources
- Parasite
- An organism that feeds on a living host
- Pathogen
- An organism that causes disease
- Plasmid
- A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code
- Saprophyte
- An organism that feeds on dead matter
- Steady state
- A state in which members of a population die as quickly as new members are born
- Strains
- Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits
- Transduction
- The process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another
- Transformation
- The transfer of a "naked" DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell
- plasma membrane
- To negotiate what materials pass into and out of the cell
- Flagellum
- To move the bacterium from place to place
- Capsule
- To adhere to surfaces as well as to ward off infection-fighting agents
- DNA
- To store the information needed to make an organism a living thing
- Cytoplasm
- To hold the DNA and ribosomes in place
- Cell wall
- To keep the interior of the cell together and to hold the cell's shape
- Fimbria
- To grasp onto surfaces or another bacterium during conjugation
- Ribosome
- To make proteins
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What is the bacterial shape?
1. Coccus
2. Bacillus
3. Spirillum -
What bacteria is...
1. Spherical
2. Rod-shaped
3. Helical - Ideal conditions for most bacteria to grow and reproduce (5)
- Moisture, moderate temperatures, nutrition, darkness, proper amount of oxygen
- To reduce the chance of bacterial infection in food you can...(5)
-
1. Heat the food so that most bacteria die and then seal it away from fresh air.
2. Dehydrate the food.
3. Freeze the food.
4. Pasteurize the food.
5. Keep it in the refrigerator. - bacteria
- a general term that applies to all members of kingdom Monera
- binary fission
- asexual reproduction in bacteria
- Clostridium Botulinum
- can cause botulism
- Salmonella
- caused by undercooked eggs and poultry
- Escherichia coli
- pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains live in your gut