Medical Terminology Digestive System CH 5
Terms
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- Passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the blood stream
- Absorption
- Building blocks of proteins and produced when proteins are digested
- amino acids
- Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
- amylase
- Opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
- anus
- Blind pouch hanging form the cecum (in the RLQ)
- appendix
- Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up large fat globules.
- bile
- Pigment released by the liver in bile.
- Bilirubin
- Intestine
- bowel
- Pointed, dog-like teeth, next to the incisors. (distal to) Also called cuspids or eyeteeth
- canine teeth
- First part of the large intestine
- cecum
- Large intestine
- colon
- Carries bile form the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
- common bile duct
- Expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus.
- defecation
- process of swallowing
- deglutition
- Major tissue composing of teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.
- dentin
- Process of breaking down of complex foods to simpler foods.
- digestion
- First part of the small intestine.
- duodenum
- Removal of waste material from the body.
- elimination
- Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules.
- emulsification
- Hard, outermost layer of a tooth.
- enamel
- A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances, helping in the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods.
- Enzyme
- Tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
- esophagus
- Substances produced when fats are digested.
- fatty acids
- Solid waste; Stools
- feces
- Small sac under the liver; stores bile
- gallbladder
- A simple sugar
- glucose
- Starch;
- glycogen
- Substance produced by the stomach;
- hydrochloric acid
- Third part of the small intestine
- ileum
- One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
- incisor
- Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas.
- insulin
- Second part of the small intestine.
- jejunum
- Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
- lipase
- A large organ located in the RUG of the abdomen.
- liver
- Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.
- lower esophageal sphincter LES
- Process of chewing
- mastication
- Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch
- molar teeth
- Roof of the mouth.
- palate
- Organ under the stomach; produces insulin, and enzymes
- pancreas
- Small elevations on the tongue.
- papillae (singular- papilla)
- salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
- parotid gland
- Rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal tract and other tubular structures.
- peristalsis
- The common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose.
- pharynx
- Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.
- portal vein
- Enzyes that digest protein.
- protease
- Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
- pulp
- Ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum.
- pyloric sphincter
- Last section of the colon
- rectum
- Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
- rugae
- Digestive juice produced by salivary glands
- saliva
- Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.
- salivary glands
- Lower part of the colon
- sigmoid colon
- Ring of muscle fibers that constrict a passage or closes a natural opening.
- sphincter
- Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
- stomach
- Large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol.
- triglycerides
- Soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth.
- uvula
- Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
- Villi (singular: villus)
- process of forming new sugar from proteins and fats
- gluconeogenesis
- high levels of a bile pigment in the bloodstream
- hyperbilirubinemia
- pertaining to administration other than through the intestinal tract
- parenteral
- a mucous membrane
- mucosa
- breakdown (conversion) of animal starch to sugar.
- glycongenolysis
- new surgical connection between two previously unconnected organs.
- anastomosis
- one who diagnoses and treats disorders of the anus and rectum.
- proctologist
- one who operates on the urinary tract
- urologist
- one who straightens the teeth.
- orthodontist
- one who performs root canal therapy.
- endodentist
- one who operates on the mouth and teeth.
- oral surgeon
- one who diagnoses and treats gastrointestinal tract disorders.
- gastroenterologist
- one who diagnoses and uses drugs to treat kidney disorders.
- nephrologist
- one who treats gum diseases.
- peridontist
- one who operates on the intestinal tract.
- colorectal srugeon