Scientific Revolution Guys
major contributors of the Scientific Revolution and their contributions and/or beliefs
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- Voltaire
- all is for the best, deist, religious toleration, Candide
- Bentham
- utilitarianism, goal of life is pleasure
- Hobbes
- people are selfish, monarchy
- Dismal Science
- can't change your behavior
- Spinoza
- Ethics, opposed Cartesian dualism
- Bacon
- inductive reasoning, scientific method, empiricism, good riddance to the idols of the imagination
- Madame du Chatelet
- translates Newton into French
- physiocrats (Quesnay)
- believed all wealth was created through property/land, gov't should be focusing on agriculture and creating wealth
- Olympe de Gouges
- Declaration of the Rights of Women in the Fr. Revolution
- Copernicus
- heliocentric
- Galileo
- movement of the Earth, inertia, moons of Jupiter, telescope, mts. on the moon, mechanics
- Montesquieu
- separation of power, spirit of the laws
- Kant
- What is Enlightenment?, dare to know, ethical system, categorical imperitve (the golden rule)
- Madame Geoffrin
- salon hostess for the elite
- Thomas Paine
- Common Sense, kings are bad.
- Pascal
- believed ethics should be mathematical, wrote the Penses
- Newton
- gravity, calculus
- Locke
- blank slate; life, liberty, and property; democracy
- Rousseau
- born free but society puts us in chains, must be forced to be free
- Fontanelle
- makes philosophy popular with short novellas
- Malthus
- Essay on the Principle of Population, over time the quantity of resources gradually grows but population will boom and not enough resources
- Ricardo
- Iron Law of wages
- Kepler
- elliptical movement, laws of planetary motion
- Hume
- skepticism
- Mendellsohn
- brought Jewish tradition/thoughts into ethics
- Holbach
- first published atheist
- Gibbon
- decline of the Roman Empire, understood all types of governments
- Ditero
- encyclopedia--accumulation of human knowledge
- Smith
- human hand--capitalism, father of modern economics, Wealth of Nations
- Beccaria
- on Crime and Punishment, opposed death penalty and torture
- Harvey
- blood circulation
- Colbert
- mercantilism
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- Vindication (women's rights), "we will perform our roles in society as soon as we are treated better"
- Condorcet
- reason gets us progress, goodness of humanity
- Bayle
- dictionary, catalogues knowledge
- DesCartes
- Cartesian dualism, coordinate geometry, "I think therefore I am", ppl born with set ways of thinking