term 1;unit 2 muscle/skeletal
skeleton;muscles
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- meatus
- short channel or passageway. hollow tube. (urinary meatus)
- Hinge
- - knee- fingers
- Aerobic metabolism
- requires oxygen - during normal activities.
- Deltoid
- shoulder- injection site- subcutaneous- covers shoulder joint, abducts arm.
- Flat
- sternum, frontal part of forehead. Get a lot of external punctures.
- foramen
- large hole in center of vertebrae- for vessels and nerves
- Tendons
- - muscle to bone
- fontanel
- infant skull - soft spots - harden by 18months
- ribs
- 12pairs total 7 true ; 5 false; 2 floating
- 3 primary functions of muscle
- Movement and protect internal organs,Posture,Heat- production of body heat is oxygen and sugar together. Produces burn=fuel.
- Hamstrings
- on back of thigh
- Tubercle
- - - trochanter (femur) is largest tubercle.
- Pelvic bones
- - ilium, ischium, pubis symphisis
- Pubic symphysis
- more flexible to accommodate baby during childbirth.
- Osteoblasts
- - makes bone cells. manufacture the matrix
- Upper extremity
- - humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
- Dorsiflexion
- - foot bent upward toward self.
- Ball & socket
- - shoulder, hip
- Pronation
- - plams down
- epicondyle
- small projection above condyle
- Isometric
- great increase in tension.
- Synovial membrane
- lines joint cavity. secretes clear lubricating fluid for joint.
- Condyloid
- allows movement in 2 directions- knuckle.
- coccygeal vertebrea
- 4-5 bones in CHILDREN; fuses ot 1 in ADULTS (coccyx) tail bone
- Bone tissue
- - living hard connective tissue. Hard substance is calcium phosphate
- Quadriceps
- a group- front of thigh
- diaphysis
- shaft of long bone
- Short
- carpal of wrist, tarsals of ankle. Tend to be thinner
- 3 Types of joints
- fiberous, cartilaginous, synovial
- Cartilage
- - tough elastic allows movement, between bones, vertebrae, nose, ears, covers articular cartilage( joint area), pads bone
- Excitability
- or irritability - ability to respond to a stimulus
- curves of spine
- cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
- Ischial tuberocities
- - are at the end of the crest
- Pivot
- rotate- between the skull and first 2 vertebrae ( axis & atlas)
- appendicular
- bones of extremities (126)
- xiphoid process
- lower end of sternum ; cartilage in youth; bone in adult- landmark for CPR
- Calcaneous
- - heel
- Gliding joint
- - wrist & ankle
- Elasticity
- ability to return to original length
- Radius
- Arms:- bone in forarm- in line with thumb- larger of two bones.
- intercoastal spaces
- spaces between ribs
- Fascia
- band or sheet of fiberous connective tissue. membrane covering supporting and separating muscles. Subcutaneous tissue connects skin to muscle.
- Thoracic cavity
- -Sternum, manubrium body, xipoid process
- vertebral column
- 26 in adults - 33 or 34 in children
- Articulation
- joint . area of junction or union between two or more bones.
- Metacarpal bones
- hands - framework for palm (5)
- scapula
- shoulder blade
- Ischium
- - lowest part - sit down bone
- Carpals
- Wrist- hands: 8 small bones: 2 rows of 4 each
- Diaphragm
- breathing muscle.
- Fibrous
- - synarthrosis- immovable - come together with Ex:sutures -bones of skull
- Tibia
- - larger bone in lower leg,
- Joints
- - union between 2 bones or more.
- endosteum
- thinner membrane ; lines marrow cavity of bone.
- Origins
- attach to more fixed part of skeleton ( less movable)
- Skeletal
- - Striated- voluntary- attached to bones, muscles or skin. Stimulated by nervous system.
- Femur
- is largest bone- lot of blood in bone. Longest , strongest bone in body. Bone articulates at patella.
- crest
- rim- (ridge of hip bone, iliac crest )
- axial
- head & main trunk (80)
- frontal bone
- Skull-forehead
- Visceral
- Smooth- involuntary- organs- makes up walls of hollow organs, respiratory passageways. Controlled by autonomic. nervous system (automatic). stimulated by nerve impules, hormones, stretching.
- head
- rounded ; knoblike ( femoral head at hip joint)
- Achilles tendon
- attaches to clacaneus- largest tendon in body.
- Appendicular
- arms, legs , pelvic girdle, shoulder
- Boys normally reach height
- 16- years old
- periosteum
- outside cover of bones
- Minerals stored in bones
- calcium, phosphorus.
- Circumduction
- rotates arm in wide circle
- Bursa
- small fluid filled sac found in an area subject to stress around bones and joints. padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue usually in vicinity of joints.
- Axial skeleton
- center- skull, spinal cord.
- Muscle unit
- framework consisting of connective tissue and blood supply.(body & 2 attachments) ***
- Inversion
- - foot pointed in
- ethmoid bone
- skull-light bone- located between eyes
- Vertebral column
- - 26 in adults.
- Cartiledge
- on the ends of the bone- hard connective tissue.
- parietal bone
- skull-2 bones - form most of top and side walls of cranium
- sinus
- open air space
- Bones:functions
- Framework for body Protect delicate structures. Brain, spinal cord,Produce movement,Stores calcium salts plus phosphorous, released when needed,Produce blood cells. Manufactures RBC, WBC, and platelets.
- maxilla
- face- 2 bones- upper jawbone
- compact bone
- hard and dense. makes up main shaft of long bone, and outer layer in other bones.
- Bursa
- sacs, synovial joint area - filled with fluid. Cushion
- spine
- spinous process- sharp projection from surface bone ( shoulder blade)
- Atropohy
- a wasting away of tissue; a decrease in size of an organ or tissue. Disuse, lack of activity.
- Extencibility
- stretch beyond resting length.
- Cartilaginous
- - amphiarthrosis- slightly moveable - cartilage joints. Ex: Pubic symphysis, joints between vertebrae
- Ligament
- band or sheet of strong fiberous connective tissue, Connecting to articular ends of bones binding to limit motion. To facilitate or limit movement.
- Synovial fluid
- - joints secrete, allows movement, reduces friction.
- Plantar flexion
- - toes point downward
- Aponeurosis
- heavy sheet of connective tissue: attach muscle to bones or other muscles. Ex: fascia
- epiphysis
- irregular ends of long bone
- Ligaments
- - tough- fiberous connective tissue, give us strength and support. Bones held together by ligaments.
- Eversion
- - foot pointed out
- axis
- 2nd vertebrea- pivots - side to side
- Flexion
- - decreases angle
- osteoblasts
- bone building cells
- Articulation
- - joint- movement- two or more bones meeting.
- Tuberocity
- a landmark on bones called tubercle. Where muscles or groups of them may attach. Ex: hip area, thighs.
- 4 types of bone
- long, short, irregular, long bone
- Tendons
- fiberous connective tissue; attaches muscle to bone.
- osteoclasts
- break down bone (resorb) derived from WBC ( monocytes)
- nasal bone
- face- 2 bones- slender bones side by side form bridge of nose
- true ribs
- first 7pairs - attatch directly to sternum by coastal cartilages.
- Tissues and muscles need calcium for
- strength.
- Cranium
- - 10 bones
- Synovial
- - diarthrosis- freely movable- joint cavity containing synovial fluid. UNIVERSAL joints. - gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball & socket.
- depressions
- foramen, sinus, fossa, meatus
- Ligament
- bone to bone
- Irregular
- - vertebrae, facial bones, mandible , coccyx cannot do punctures on.
- Tonus
- partial steady contracted state of muscle that determines readiness... tonicity or firmness.
- mandible
- face- lower jaw bone- only moveable bone of skull
- suture
- unites bones of skull
- Abduction
- - moves away from midline ab-away
- medullary cavity
- center of diaphysis; contains marrow
- cervical vertebrea
- 7 - located in neck CONVEX
- ligaments
- connective bone to bone
- Tonus
- slight tension even at rest. State of readiness. Mild state of contraction.
- skeleton divided into 2 sections
- axial; appendiular
- Types of muscles
- Abductors,Levators- lifting,Rotators,Sphincter- ringlike,Adductors
- spongy bone
- meshy- found at ends of long bones and center of other bones. filled with red marrow
- Ribs
- - True first 7 pairs; False next 5 pairs; 2 floating
- thoracic vertebrae
- 12- located in chest; points downward; posterior ends of 12 ribs attach to these vertebrae CONCAVE
- Osteoclasts
- -breaks down bone tissue and resorb bone tissue develops from WBC.
- Bones of face
- Mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, palatine,inferior nasal conchae
- Contractibility
- ability to shorten and thicken
- Cardiac
- myocardium - involuntary - wall of heart. Stimulated by electrical impulses, nervous stimuli, hormones.( some striations)
- sacral vertebrae
- 5 seperate bones in CHILDREN; fuses to 1 in ADULTS. (sacrum) wedged between 2 hip bones; completes posterior part of boney pelvis CONCAVE
- osteocytes
- mature bone cells that maintain bone
- Insertion
- attached to more moveable part of skeleton. ( moveable)
- Vertebrae
- - Column divisions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
- condyle
- a knob, rounded at the end of the bone . help make a joint move
- Anaerobic metabolism
- does not require oxygen. Strenuous activity. Lactic acid accumulates.
- Sesamoid
- - patella
- shoulder girdle
- scapula & clavicale make up girdle
- Peristalsis
- wavelike movement through GI tract.
- Foot Arch
- formed by metatarsals (5)
- Girls normally reach height
- at 15 years old
- Sternocleidomastoid
- location- Neck-flexes head; rotates head toward opposite side. extends from sternum across side of neck to mastoid process
- foramen
- hole that allowa vessel or nerve or ligament to pass through. (like a hull between bones)
- yellow marrow
- found in central cavities of long bones. composed largely of fat.
- Occicles
- bones of ear
- lumbar vertebrae
- 5- located in small of back - heavier- support more weight. CONVEX
- ATP
- - energy
- atlas
- 1st vertebrae; supports head ( nods)
- thorax
- sternum & ribs
- floating ribs
- last 2 pairs; have no anterior attachment
- haversain canal
- rings for blood vessels and nerves makes up haversian system.
- sternum
- breast bone
- Insertion
- end of a muscle attached to a moveable part. movable attachment of the distal end of a muscle, which produces shape changes or skeletal movement when muscle contracts.
- Rotation
- - "no" turning side to side. Twist or turning.
- Foot
- - 7 tarsals
- skeleton is made up of
- bones , joints, and supporting connective tissue.
- fetus vertebrae
- concave
- false ribs
- 5 pairs - 8th 9th & 10th pairs ; attach to cartilage of rib above
- Calcium Released
- when nerve fiber stimulates muscle cell.
- zygomatic
- face - 2 bones- cheek
- Gastrocnemius
- calf of leg - flexes foot- tip toe
- Tendon
- cordlike fiberous band attaches muscle to bone.
- Body mechanics
- effective use of body alignment , related to posture and lifting. proper use of the body in daily life activities. Prevention and correction of problems related to posture & lifting.
- Aging
- - bones become brittle.
- Isotonic
- no change in tension- movement
- Lower extremity
- Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
- 3 types of muscle
- visceral(smooth), skeletal(striated), cardiac(myocardium.
- Saddle joint
- like condyloid but with deeper articulating surface THUMB.
- Ilium
- Hip:-upper flared portion
- woman pelvis
- lighter, ilia wider and more flared, pubic arch -
- Sphincter
- circular muscle constricting and orifice. Muscles must relax to allow orifice to open. Muscular ring that regulates the size of an opening.
- clavicle
- collarbone- joins sternum anteriorly; scapula laterally- supports shoulder
- Ulna
- Arms:- bone in forearm- in line with pinky
- Muscle fatigue
- tired muscles. reduced capacitgy of a muscle to perform work as a result of repeated contractions; accumulation of lactic acid in anaerobic cell respiration.
- acromion process
- joins clavicale at shoulder
- Spongy
- ( callous ) bone- found in ends of long bones, center of other bones. Where Red marrow is found, RBC are produced here. Also, WBC, and platelets.
- process
- a projection ( vertebrae; elbow)
- Patella
- - kneecap; Sesamoid bone
- Tendon
- attaches muscle to bone
- temporal bone
- skull - 2 bones - above ear- sides and base of skull
- Phalanges
- hands - finger bones- 14 total- 3 on each finger, 2 on thumb.
- Biceps
- flexes forearm- main flex muscle
- sphenoid bone
- skull- resembles bat lies at base of skull anterior to temporal bones. part of eye socket.
- Flaccid
- weak, lacking normal muscle tone. relaxed, flabby; having defective or absent muscle tone.
- palatine bones
- face- back of hard plate- lateral wall of nasal cavity. superior and middle conchae part of ethmoid bone.
- Lower division
- Pelvic bones; lower extremities
- Upper division
- Shoulder girdle: clavicle, scapula; upper extremities
- Humerus
- Arms:: head of humerus forms a jointw/ glenoid cavity of the scapula.
- Acromion process
- - process that joins the clavicle shoulder.
- Osteocytes
- - cells, maintenance of bone. maintain and repair existing bone matrix
- Iliac crest
- Hip:- curved rim long upper border
- Trapezius
- raises shoulders
- projections
- head, process, condyle, crest, spine
- Supination
- - palms up
- fossa
- a depression or hollow on a bone surface ( accomodates something nearby) ex: indentation in hip bone allow movement of femur (socket)
- Long bone
- - arms & legs- gives strength to stand, weight bearing, shaft, medullary canal, ends of bones articulate EX: femur, humerus, ulna, radius(bigger), tibia, fibula.
- red marrow
- found ends of long bone- center of others
- Triceps
- posterior arm- wave back
- Bones mature at
- 21 years old
- epiphyseal plates
- develops across end of bones- growth line.
- Extension
- - increases angle
- Marrow
- soft tissue that occupies the medullary canal. bone marrow- Red-produces blood cells ; found in spongy bone. Yellow marrow- found in medullary canal of long bones. Made up of fat cells and connective tissue.
- Adduction
- - moves toward midline....ADDS to mid
- Muscle tissue characteristics
- contractibility, elasticity, extencibility, excitibilty, tonus
- Rectus abdominus
- poop - lower abdomen-
- Greater trochanter
- larger protruding portion, located at the top of the femur bone.
- discs
- cartilage between vertebrae- shock absorbers, provide flexiblity
- mastoid sinus
- skull-contained within temporal - internal portion of ear.
- Olcranon
- - point of elbow.
- Origin
- source of a muscle; starting point. End of muscle attached to a NON moveable part.